【正文】
因?yàn)槠放茖?duì)消費(fèi)者來(lái)說(shuō)有很重要的含義,更換品牌就意味著失去了聯(lián)系的紐帶。品牌忠誠(chéng)取決于品牌 消費(fèi)者關(guān)系的核心部分,是基于品牌識(shí)別、依賴(lài)和分享之上的,這個(gè)架構(gòu)是源于一個(gè)整體的判斷,而并非直接取決于品牌評(píng)估。被定義為一種為維持價(jià)值關(guān)系的渴望。如果信任是多維的,品牌信任就包括了能力、誠(chéng)信和利他主義。 品牌信任作為品牌忠誠(chéng)和品牌喜愛(ài)度的決定因素之一,在市場(chǎng)上起著至關(guān)重要的作用,這種信任涉及到當(dāng)消費(fèi)者處于危險(xiǎn)情形下對(duì)品牌的依賴(lài)感或者說(shuō)在穩(wěn)定環(huán)境下自愿依靠 某品牌。品牌可以使不同消費(fèi)者確定自己的地位。品牌識(shí)別指的是品牌獲得關(guān)于消費(fèi)者信息的能力或者說(shuō)品牌在消費(fèi)者意識(shí)中的整體地位。其中主要聚焦于品牌信任與品牌識(shí)別,把它們二者作為品牌熱情的主要決定因素,品牌忠誠(chéng)這一因素也在模型中,因?yàn)檫@個(gè)因素是對(duì)品牌喜愛(ài)的結(jié) 果之一。Fournier的理論則提出來(lái)品牌熱情起源于別的因素(信任、自我聯(lián)系、品牌識(shí)別),提出品牌熱情會(huì)對(duì)品牌忠誠(chéng)產(chǎn)生影響。品牌自身的特性是品牌熱情的起因之一,盡管在理論概念上被視作是消費(fèi)者層面的影響因素,而對(duì)于其他決定因素,例如品牌識(shí)別或品牌信 任并未涉及,除非它們的出現(xiàn)對(duì)消費(fèi)者的品牌感受產(chǎn)生影響。這項(xiàng)研究就從生理角度上定義品牌熱情是一種由興奮、著迷、沉湎其中組成的品牌情感。這份情感使消費(fèi)者更愿意與品牌建立起親密關(guān)系,在擁有或者是消費(fèi)這種品牌時(shí)獲得他們生理上的亢奮。一個(gè)富于熱情的消費(fèi)者會(huì)對(duì)品牌投入很多情感,甚至在買(mǎi)不到這種品牌時(shí)產(chǎn)生思念之情。 在消費(fèi)環(huán)境定義下的熱情是對(duì)品牌最初始的、積極的喜愛(ài),這種喜愛(ài)可以產(chǎn)生情感上的聯(lián)系,影響人的一些行為。因此,個(gè)人的熱情實(shí)際上個(gè)人 希望找到伙伴的一種想法,這種想法包含著伙伴情誼、性的吸引和對(duì)相互關(guān)系的渴望之情。 ( 1)品牌熱情 Hatfield 和 Walster 是這樣定義熱情一詞的:它是一種強(qiáng)烈的,希望與另一種事物聚合在一起的精神狀態(tài),是一種充斥了滿(mǎn)足感與忘我的生理上的亢奮。這項(xiàng)調(diào)查也考量了品牌熱情對(duì)品牌忠誠(chéng)的影響,最終建立起了品牌熱情與其他因素之間關(guān) 系的模型,這個(gè)模型可以顯示出品牌熱情對(duì)其他因素的重要性。 本文的兩項(xiàng)研究探明了品牌熱情的確切含義,并且指出了品牌熱情與品牌個(gè)性或者是消費(fèi)者個(gè)性之間具有聯(lián)系。還有另外一些品牌關(guān)系,如品牌偏愛(ài)或品牌依賴(lài)也會(huì)影響到消費(fèi)者的消費(fèi)行為。品牌與消費(fèi)者之間緊密聯(lián)系,一些消費(fèi)者甚至將這種關(guān)系發(fā)展為 一種狂熱的品牌崇拜。消費(fèi)者對(duì)品牌的熱情左右了品牌的口碑,也對(duì)品牌忠誠(chéng)產(chǎn)生了直接影響,比如由于對(duì)某品牌的忠誠(chéng)度,人們會(huì)不自覺(jué)自愿支付更高的價(jià)格。消費(fèi)者與品牌之間所建立的聯(lián)系(品牌識(shí)別與品牌信任)會(huì)影響到消費(fèi)者對(duì)某一種品牌的熱情,對(duì)品牌的熱情反過(guò) 來(lái)也影響到人們對(duì)品牌的忠誠(chéng)度,影響到消費(fèi)者是否愿意為品牌支付高價(jià),影響到品牌口碑。Brand passion: Antecedents and consequences 作者: Noel Albert, Dwight Merunka, Pierre ValetteFlorence 國(guó)籍: France 出處: Journal of Business Research, 66(2021) 904909. 原文正文: Franchise systems account for more than onethird of all 17,s. retail sales. And it is forecast that by 2021, they will account for nearly hulf of . retail sales. There are approximately 6,000 franchise systems worldwide, and many new systems are being established every year. But prospective franchisers need to take care to evaluate whether they should expand their business by franchising or by opening panyowned outlets. Franchise systems are monly classified into two types: (1) productname and (2) business format. In productname systems, the franchisee serves as an authorized distributor of a product for a manufacturer, such as GM car dealers,or a wholesaler, such as CocaCola business format franchising. which deals primarily with service firms. the franchiser provides the franchisee with a trademark. operating guidance,and a specific format for running a service business. Examples include McDonald’s, Jiffy Lube. Mail Boxes Etc., and so on. Most of the growth in franchising in recent years has e from business format franchise systems. The explosive growth in the service sector of the economy bodes well for this area. It is estimated that . sales from business format franchise systems will reach $ trillion by 2021. Focusing on business format franchises, this article discusses the whys and wherefores of franchising, and outlines the options available to entrepreneurs and managers who are considering setting up a franchise system. WHY DO COMPANIES FRANCHISE? Much has been written about how entrepreneurs can benefit from being franchisees, how they should choose a franchise system, and how they should manage their franchise business. Relatively less,however, has been written abo