【正文】 編號：時間：2021年x月x日書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟頁碼：第12頁 共12頁物流基本概念（basic concepts in logistics）1. Logistics is referred to the article flow, but not including the flow of the people2. The concept of article in logistics includes tangible goods and intangible service, such as customer service, freight agents and logistics network design3. Logistics documents generally refer to documentations required to plete all processes of logistics, such as contracts, bills, and notes4. The external logistics is about the macro economic activities, like international trade and global investment5. The four key procedures in the internal logistics are supply, production, distribution and reverse6. Supply Chain Management(SCM) is a system applied to maximize profits for all parties in the whole logistic system and other economic systems 7. A standardized logistic system ensures better time management , location choices and distribution capacities8. Distribution capacity is value added in the logistic system9. Logistics system includes customer service, packaging, transportation, storage, distribution processing and information control10. Market share is the proportion of sales of a good or service provided by one pany to the industry sales of such good or service11. The need for outsourcing creates Third Part Logistics12. Customer Relationship Management (CRM ) is software to manage the relationship and munication between customers and suppliers13. Exclusive distribution refers to the fact that there is only one wholesaler or retailer who selling a product or providing a certain service14. A logistic model is a standardized module that is used to regulate the cargo transportation, manage logistics facilities and equipments 15. Letter of credit(L/C) is used exclusively by the buyer. It is a letter issued by the bank employed by the buyer which authorizes the bearer ( the supplier or seller) to draw a stated amount of money from the issuing bank 16. A logistics center consists of a series of integrated logistic activities, processes, equipments, and information network17. Third Part Logistics refers to specialized logistics service providers that provide specific services for suppliers and customers18. Customized logistics refer to a logistic system or process specifically designed to cater to an individual customer’s requirements and needs19. Logistics alliance refers to the long term cooperation and business relationship between logistics supplier and customers20. Bridge transport refers to containers transported by railway using the bridges that link both ends separated by rivers or oceans21. International logistics is a result of international mercial activities, cross border investment, and importing and exporting activities22. Time value in logistics refers to the differences in value of the same goods in different time23. Location value in logistics refers to the differences in value of the same goods in different locations24. Logistics vehicles include ships, trucks, trains and aircrafts used in the logistics process25. The main differences between the traditional and modern logistic systems are the usage of containers and information technologies26. Integrated logistics management was the early stage of Supply Chain Management (SCM)27. International transport is the major part in international logistics28. Third Part Logistics assist the execution of logistic activities29. Fourth Part Logistics is the planner and manager for logistics network, while Third Part Logistics is the supplier of logistics service, like transport and storage30. Supply Chain is the relationship between suppliers and customers. In the supply chain, suppliers rank before buyer, seller and customers31. Logistics activities, especially transportation have a major impact on the environment32. Logistics is a bination of applied technology and business management33. Insurance is very important to logistics because of the potential hazards and dangers in the process, such as fire, theft, handling damage and even the natural disasters34. Costs for logistics are similar to all other businesses and include fixed cost, variable cost and management cost 35. The process to handle export and import with the internati