【正文】 ：know how to / learnt / the classroom可知是老師“教給”或自己“學(xué)到”，注意是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，要用過去分詞。，后文是difficult， / in / ：發(fā)明家們并沒有在學(xué)?；驈膶W(xué)校學(xué)到了一切。 to read與how to think顯然是并列關(guān)系，：還有更多的知識(shí)要靠學(xué)生自己在出校門后自學(xué)。School education is very important and no one can _______（1）everything at school and a teacher cannot teach his _______（2）everything they want to _______（3）is to show his students _______（4）to teaches them how to read_______（5）how to much more is to be learned outside school by the students _______（6）。（工具、方法、手段）這本單詞本身就是以s結(jié)尾的，且單復(fù)數(shù)同形，若作主語要根據(jù)句意來確定是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)上下文和括號(hào)里的漢語提示，在下面的空白處寫出正確的單詞和短語，使短文意思完整。（different）事物。 here及后文的句式搭配可知是want sb to do sth（想要某人做某事）。， 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，使短文的意思完整，需填單詞的第一個(gè)字母已經(jīng)給出。，用ask sb to do sth的被動(dòng)式，所以用過去分詞。每詞限填一次。3）敘述歷史事實(shí)，可不用過去完成時(shí)，而只用一般過去時(shí)。例如：When she saw the mouse，she ，就叫了起來。例如：I had hardly opened the door when I he hit ，他就打了我。典型例題 ：The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the written, left B，were writing, has left written, had left writing, had left 答案D.“把書忘在辦公室”發(fā)生在“去取書”這一過去的動(dòng)作之前，因此“忘了書”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去，用過去完成時(shí)。3）過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as。例如：When the police arrived, the thieves had run ，小偷們早就跑了。 過去完成時(shí) 1）概念：表示過去的過去||| 其構(gòu)成是had +過去分詞構(gòu)成。t need to describe ___ her several met met ，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。t e back until ten o39。（表結(jié)果）I39。4）It is +一段時(shí)間+ since從句。例如： I have been here since five months ，已經(jīng)有五個(gè)月了。）注意：用句型轉(zhuǎn)換的方法，很容易排除非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞在有for/since結(jié)構(gòu)的完成時(shí)中的誤用。(延續(xù))I have lived here since I was 。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。典型例題（1）Do you know our town at all?No, this is the first time I ___ been ing is the first time 后面所加從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選B。ve heard him 。t handed in his paper?（強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子未交，疑為不公平競爭）He has been in the League for three years.（在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)）He has been a League member for three years.（是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)）注意:句子中如有過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時(shí),不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過去時(shí)。共同的時(shí)間狀語：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。 比較一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1）一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn) 在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。例如：I39。4）在動(dòng)詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。3）在時(shí)間或條件句中。When does the bus star? It stars in ten ？十分鐘后。（客觀安排）I39。 be going to / will 用于條件句時(shí)，be going to表將來,will表意愿。例如： We are to discuss the report next 。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見時(shí)常用于第二人稱。t 39。例如： He is used to a vegetarian is used to taking a 。例如：Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車，能借用一些嗎？ used to / be used to used to + do：“過去常?！北硎具^去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。） has lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去）注意： 用過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語氣。4）wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時(shí)，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等，而一般過去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。句型：would（had）rather 39。Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm ，布朗一家無論什么時(shí)候去，都受到熱烈歡迎。 一般過去時(shí)的用法1）在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。比較：Now I put the sugar in the 。4）現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。3）表示格言或警句。例如： I leave home for school at 7 every 離開家?！豪?The peasants are busy picking apples. Would you mind my opening the door?，也可接動(dòng)詞的ing形式，但意思不同。ll start. He didn39?！豪?It is very kind of you to give me a is careless of him to do ．動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問句who, what, which, when, how, where, whether等連用。ll go to meet my friend at the railway station.7．不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)“for do sth” 作主語時(shí)，常用“It is +adj+ for do sth” 的句式。『例』 Maybe they have three rooms to live in. ?！豪籌n those days the bosses often made the workers work day and ，可帶to也可不帶to。s very important to learn English.2．作表語：『例』 My idea is to ring him up at once.3．作賓語：『例』 I have decided to go to Binjiang Primary School.4．作賓語補(bǔ)足語：, want, teach, tell, know, would like, allow等動(dòng)詞后面接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。（二）動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式to do沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句中不能獨(dú)立作謂語，但可以和助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成謂語，又可以在句子中作賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語、定語、主語、表語等。can只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)，指本身有能力的“能”；be able to用于各種時(shí)態(tài)均可，指須經(jīng)過努力而“能”。『例』 How do you usually e to school? The children are playing yoyo now.4．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定的意義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語，只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~原形一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示說話人的語氣和情態(tài)。 1．行為動(dòng)詞行為動(dòng)詞可分為及物動(dòng)詞(vt)和不及物動(dòng)詞(vi)，及物動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，有完整的詞義，能單獨(dú)作謂語，后跟賓語；不及物動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，有完整的詞義，能單獨(dú)作謂語，但后面不能直接跟賓語，如要帶賓語則與介詞或副詞構(gòu)成短語。t know when he would e back.8．過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)由had加過去分詞構(gòu)成，表示過去某一動(dòng)作或時(shí)間以前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，也可指從過去某時(shí)開始到過去另一時(shí)為止的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，即“過去的過去”。規(guī)則變化：6．過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)由was/were加現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成，表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。但在表示準(zhǔn)備、計(jì)劃、打算做某事時(shí)，常用be going to加動(dòng)詞原形的結(jié)構(gòu)。『例』 I have read this book.(我了解書的內(nèi)容) I read this book last year.(說明去年看的)4．一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞shall/will加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。s gone to Xi39?！豪籋is grandfather has died for ten ，這就要用be來表示連續(xù)狀態(tài)： 『例』 His grandfather has been dead for ten ： Buyhave diebe deadfinish/endbe over joinbe in/be+a+名詞fall in／get ill—be ill leave/movebe away from／be out of go outbe outget upbe up get to knowknow(2)have/has been to與have/has gone to的用法區(qū)別：have/has been to表示去過某地現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)返回，表示人已回來。『例』 We have already seen this film.The plane hasn39?！豪籘he students are singing and dancing now.現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成如下：,如：looklooking, readreading，去e再加ing,如：rideriding, leaveleaving，如果末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，應(yīng)先雙寫這一輔音字母，再加ing, 如： runrunning，swimswimming，preferpreferring等。『例』 The sun rises in the east.、條件狀語從句中表示將來的動(dòng)作。『例』The Tianzi Mountain is worth seeing.第二篇：初中英語語法動(dòng)詞二教案第9單元 動(dòng)詞(二)英語動(dòng)詞有十六種時(shí)態(tài)，但初中階段常用的有八種，即：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)。『例』You must take care of your books.Yours books must be taken care of.May I try on the coat?May the coat be tried on?5． 有些動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義