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湖南省某二級公路k6254-k8675段施工圖設(shè)計(jì)-wenkub.com

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【正文】 參考文獻(xiàn)[1].鄧學(xué)鈞編著.路基路面工程.北京:人民交通出版社,2001[2].(JTG B01—2003), 北京:人民交通出版社,2003.[3].(JTG D202006), 北京:人民交通出版社, 2006.[4].((JTG D302004),北京:人民交通出版社,2004.[5].(JTG D302004),北京:人民交通出版社,2004.[6].(JTG D40—2004),北京:人民交通出版社,2002.[7].王首緒,楊玉勝,周學(xué)林等編著.公路施工組織及概預(yù)算.北京:人民交通出版社,2007. [8].(JTG/T D332012),北京:人民交通出版社,2012.[9].姚祖康編著.公路排水設(shè)計(jì)手冊.北京:人民交通出版社,2002[10].(JTG D60—2004),北京:人民交通出版社,2004.[11].(JTG F10-2006),北京:人民交通出版社,2006.[12].孫家駟,—路面設(shè)計(jì)[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003.[13].孫家駟,—路基設(shè)計(jì)[M]. 北京:人民交通出版社,2003.[14].張金水、張廷楷主編.道路勘測設(shè)計(jì).同濟(jì)大學(xué)出版社,2000.[15].,2002.[16].顧克明、蘇清洪等編著. . 北京:人民交通出版社,1993.[17].楊文淵、徐犇編著. 簡明公路施工手冊. 北京:人民交通出版社,1990.[18].李亞東編著. 新編土木工程專業(yè)英語. 成都:西南交通大學(xué)出版社,2000.[19].趙永平主編. 道路工程專業(yè)英語. 北京:人民交通出版社,1997附錄(英文文獻(xiàn)及譯文)Cellular Automata Approach to Durability Analysis of Concrete Structures in Aggressive EnvironmentsAbstract: This paper presents a novel approach to the problem of durability analysis and lifetime assessment of concrete structures(under the diffusive attack from external aggressive agents.The proposed formulation mainly refers to beams and frames, but it can be easily extended also to other types of structures. The diffusion process is modeled by using cellular automata. The mechanical damage coupled to diffusion is evaluated by introducing suitable material degradation laws. Since the rate of mass diffusion usually depends on the stress state, the interaction between the diffusion process and the mechanical behavior of the damaged structure is also taken into account by a proper modeling of the stochastic effects in the mass transfer To this aim , the nonlinear structural analyses during time are performed within the framework of the finite element method by means of a deteriorating reinforced concrete beam element . The effectiveness of the proposed methodology in handling plex geometrical and mechanical boundary conditions is demonstrated through some applications. Firstly , a reinforced concrete box girder cross section is considered and the damaging process is described by the corresponding evolution of both bending momentcurvature diagrams and axial forcebending moment resistance domains . Secondly, the durability analysis of a reinforced concrete continuous T beam is developed. Finally, the proposed approach is applied to the analysis of an existing arch bridge and to the identification of its critical members. Introduction Satisfactory structural performance is usually described with reference to a specified set of limit states, which separate desired states of the structure from the undesired ones. In this context, the main objective of the structural design is to assure an adequate level of structural performance for each specified limit state during the whole service life of the structure. From a general point of view, a structure is safe when the effects of the applied actions S are no larger than the corresponding resistance R. However , for concrete structures the structural performance must be considered as time dependent , mainly because of the progressive deterioration of the mechanical properties of materials which makes the structural system less able to withstand the applied actions . As a consequence, both the demand IResearch Associate , Dept of structural Enginee 五ng , Politeico dilano , Piazza L da Vinci 32 , 20133 Milan , llaly ( corresponding author ) E 一mail : biondini strupolimiit ZPro 企ssor , Dept ofstructuralandGeotecica1Engineeng , univof Rome La Sapienza , , , Via Eudossiana 18 , 00184 Rome , llalyE 一mail :cobontempitmiromalit Prossor , Deptofcivil , Environmental , andArchitectura1Engineer ing , Univ of Colorado , CB 428 , Boulder , CO 80309 一0428E 一mail : danfrangopol coloradoedu Prossor , Dept of structural Enginee ng , Politeico dMilano , Piazza L da Vinci 32 , 20133 Milan , llaly E 一mail : malerba strupollmiit Note Associate Editor : Sashi K Ktmnath Discussion open until April l , 2005 Separe discussions must be submitted for individual extend the closing date by one month , a written request must be filed with the ASCE Managing Editor The manuscript for this paper was subtted for review and possible publication on August 20 , 2002 。同時,設(shè)計(jì)研究的內(nèi)容具有相當(dāng)?shù)纳疃群碗y度,是對設(shè)計(jì)人員的一次綜合考核。道路路線工程要求對所提供地形圖,依據(jù)控制點(diǎn)進(jìn)行平面設(shè)計(jì)、縱斷面設(shè)計(jì)、橫段面設(shè)計(jì);路面工程根據(jù)工程當(dāng)?shù)氐慕ú念愋秃彤a(chǎn)量進(jìn)行選取,對路面的面層、基層和墊層的材料強(qiáng)度、剛度和穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行驗(yàn)算。畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的目的在于使我們受到道路橋梁工程師所必須的綜合訓(xùn)練,有利于向工作崗位過渡。(5)計(jì)算工程量在編制概預(yù)算時,應(yīng)對各分項(xiàng)工程量按工程量計(jì)算原則進(jìn)行計(jì)算:一是對設(shè)計(jì)中已有的工程量進(jìn)行核對;二是對設(shè)計(jì)文件中缺少或未列的工程量進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充計(jì)算。(4)是施工企業(yè)加強(qiáng)經(jīng)營管理,搞好經(jīng)濟(jì)核算的基礎(chǔ)。⑥ 混凝土路面養(yǎng)生 采用噴灑養(yǎng)生劑同時保濕覆蓋的方式養(yǎng)生。用鋼抹整過的光面,必須再拉毛處理,以恢復(fù)細(xì)觀抗滑構(gòu)造。d. 脹縫設(shè)置與施工1)普通混凝土路面的脹縫間距視集料的溫度膨脹性大小確定;高溫施工可不設(shè)脹縫;長溫施工,集料溫縮系數(shù)和年溫差較小時,可不設(shè)脹縫,較大時,路面兩端構(gòu)造物間距大于等于350m,宜設(shè)一道脹縫;2)普通混凝土路面的脹縫應(yīng)設(shè)置脹縫補(bǔ)強(qiáng)鋼筋支架、脹縫板和傳力桿。當(dāng)所攤鋪的面板厚度大于260mm時,也可采用插拉桿的企口型縱向施工縫,采用滑模施工縫的拉桿可用攤鋪機(jī)的側(cè)向拉桿裝置插入;2),應(yīng)采用假縫拉桿型縱縫。f. 拌和物應(yīng)均勻一致,有生料、干料、離析或外加劑,粉煤灰成因現(xiàn)象的非均質(zhì)拌和物應(yīng)嚴(yán)禁用于路面攤鋪。c. 外加劑應(yīng)以稀釋溶液加入,其稀釋用水和原液中的水量,應(yīng)從拌和加水量中扣除。e. 路基、基層和封層的檢測與修整。b. 施工組織。要求坡度準(zhǔn)確平順、無鼓脹、坑渣現(xiàn)象,刷到坡腳的余土,裝載機(jī)裝上汽車運(yùn)走,要求坡腳直順。(6) 碾壓后先進(jìn)行自檢宏觀上表面平順光潔,無明顯軌跡,無松軟起皮、起皺現(xiàn)象,給人以平順堅(jiān)實(shí)的感覺;實(shí)測實(shí)量檢測:按規(guī)定進(jìn)行壓實(shí)度和含水量的測試。由路中開始向道路兩側(cè)推進(jìn),如此往返三次。(1)測量放線:,恢復(fù)線路中心控制點(diǎn);,按25cm一整樁號和由路線起訖點(diǎn)等控制路基中心的各點(diǎn)測設(shè)中心樁,樁面用紅漆寫里程樁號;;,余寬50cm(以保證邊坡壓實(shí)度和壓實(shí)機(jī)械的安全)放邊線點(diǎn),用石灰沿線撒放,作為填土范圍的明顯標(biāo)記,注意每層中心兩側(cè)的填土高度是不相等的,按實(shí)際高程計(jì)算家上余寬,即為此層的填土寬度。(1)計(jì)算人工、材料、機(jī)具需要量,制定供應(yīng)計(jì)劃;(2)臨時工程,供水、供電、供熱計(jì)劃;(3)工地運(yùn)輸組織;(4)布置施工平面圖;(5)編制技術(shù)措施計(jì)劃與計(jì)算技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo);(6)編寫說明書(工程概況、施工組織安排、主要材料、工、料、機(jī)的安排)。施工組織設(shè)計(jì)又是施工方案,修正方案。11 施工組織及預(yù)算 施工組織設(shè)計(jì)的基本原則(1) 認(rèn)真的貫徹黨對基本建設(shè)的方針政策,嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行基本建設(shè)程序和施工程序;(2) 科學(xué)的安排施工順序,按照公路工程施工的客觀規(guī)律安排施工順序,可將整個項(xiàng)目劃分為幾個階段。同時在填方地段設(shè)置涵洞時要注意和護(hù)坡處理好關(guān)系。(2)設(shè)計(jì)流量在10m3/s左右時,一般宜采用圓管涵。 橋涵位置的選擇(1)天然河流與路線相交處()。由于水泥混凝土路面結(jié)構(gòu)與瀝青路面結(jié)構(gòu)相比具有上述優(yōu)點(diǎn),并結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)氐膶?shí)際情況, 本人認(rèn)為采用水泥混凝土路面結(jié)構(gòu),更適應(yīng)于當(dāng)?shù)氐男枰⒏欣诋?dāng)?shù)芈糜螛I(yè)及相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,因此,最終采用水泥混凝土路面結(jié)構(gòu)。⑥有利于夜間行車。④養(yǎng)護(hù)維修費(fèi)用小。水泥混凝土路面受到水的侵入和氣候溫度等自然因素影響時,引起的強(qiáng)度變化小,沒有像瀝青路面那樣的“老化”情況,也沒有像砂石路那樣的“衰變”現(xiàn)象,同時,抵抗侵蝕能力也較強(qiáng)。傳力桿直徑為28mm,長度為500mm,間距為250mm。詳情見路面工程數(shù)量表B09 結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)圖紙見附圖S91。MPaMPa。根據(jù)交通等級重交通,查規(guī)范,考慮偏載和動載等因素對路面疲勞損壞影響的綜合系數(shù) 荷載疲勞應(yīng)力計(jì)算為Mpa 溫度疲勞應(yīng)力 根據(jù)規(guī)范,查表自然區(qū)劃II區(qū)最大溫度梯度取88℃/m。縱向施工縫為設(shè)拉桿平縫,橫縫為設(shè)傳力桿的假縫。9公路路面設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算 初擬路面
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