【正文】 （即供給者）征稅還是對汽油的消費(fèi)者征稅？使用供給和需求圖詳細(xì)解釋。他的助手建議說：既然工資稅由企業(yè)繳納一部分、職工繳納一部分，只要提高企業(yè)繳納的那部分工資稅、降低職工繳納的那部分工資稅，而且做到企業(yè)多繳的部分足夠補(bǔ)償職工少繳納的部分，那么就能實(shí)現(xiàn)你的目標(biāo)。新的市場價(jià)格是多少？飛盤的銷量是多少？ 9 it has no effect, because the market equilibrium price is $8, which is below the ceiling. So the market price is $8 and the quantity sold is six million Frisbees. 2 元的稅收。與原來只實(shí)行價(jià)格下限政策相比，誰從這個新政策中獲益？誰遭受了損失？ producers benefit and taxpayers lose. Producers would produce quantity Q3 of cheese, and their total revenue would increase substantially. However, consumers would buy only quantity Q2 of cheese, so they are in the same position as before. Taxpayers lose because they would be financing the purchase of the surplus cheese through higher taxes.，游戲飛盤的需求和供給表為： 8 飛盤制造者對政府宣稱，飛盤提高了科學(xué)家對空氣動力學(xué)的理解程度，因此對國家安全非常重要。畫圖分析它對奶酪價(jià)格和銷售量的影響。 ，但是小麥未被摧毀的農(nóng)民們卻從洪水中受益。你應(yīng)該提高還是降低門票的價(jià)格？為什么？ you need to know if the demand is elastic or inelastic. If demand is elastic, a decline in the price of admissions will increase total revenue. If demand is inelastic, an increase in the price of admissions will cause total revenue to rise.，計(jì)算機(jī)的需求通常富有彈性。s price elasticity of demand is one, since he spends the same amount on gas, no matter what the price, which means his percentage change in quantity is equal to the percentage change in price. 。湯姆說，“我要 10 加侖汽油?！?。 瓦萊麗：供給下降，但需求完全缺乏彈性。有三個人試圖解釋這種現(xiàn)象。 元上漲為 元，短期中取暖用油的需求有何變化？（請使用中點(diǎn)法計(jì)算。 （bagels）和奶油奶酪放在一起吃，因此它們是互補(bǔ)品。B. 如果毒品均衡價(jià)格下降，則該信息支持第一種假設(shè)；如果毒品均衡價(jià)格上升，則該信息支持第二種假設(shè) ，也是熱狗的互補(bǔ)品。 ？ 警力的削減將導(dǎo)致毒品的供給增加，如圖421所示，毒品的供給曲線將從1S向右移動至2S，而需求不受影響。 raises the demand for sweatshirt。they will want larger vehicles for hauling their kids around, so the demand for minivans will increase. Supply won39。 FalseAs Figure 10 shows, the increase in demand for notebooks results in an increased quantity supplied. The only way the statement would be true is if the supply curve was a vertical line, as shown in Figure 11 3. 考慮大型家庭汽車（minivans）的市場。 3)].e. If no clothing is produced, Bill and Hillary can still produce only 30 units of food. If Hillary switches to clothing production, the household gives up 2/3 unit of food for every unit of clothing produced. When Hillary’s 10 hours are devoted to producing clothing, she would be producing 30 units of clothing while Bill is producing 10 units of food. Of course, if Bill then begins to produce clothing, the household gives up 1 unit of food for each unit of clothing produced. Bill and Hillary could devote all their time to producing clothes. If they choose to do so, they can produce 40 units. Their production possibilities frontier is shown in Figure 7.(為折線)Figure 7 e. Again, Hillary and Bill can chose to produce no clothing and produce all food (30 units). To gain some clothing, Bill would produce clothing, sacrificing 1 unit of food for each unit of clothing produced. If Bill spends all of his time producing food, he would produce 10 units, while Hillary produced 20 units of food. To gain additional clothing, the household would need Hillary to reallocate her time away from food production toward clothing production (at a cost of 1/2 unit of food for each unit of clothing produced). If they choose to produce only clothing, they can produce 40 units of clothing. See Figure 8.Figure 8 f. It is clear that the production possibilities expand when Hillary specializes in the production of clothing. This makes sense because she has a parative advantage in the production of clothing.Unit4。 b. Bill has a parative advantage in the production of food because he has a lower opportunity cost (1 unit of clothing per unit of food) than Hillary ( units of clothing per unit of food).Figure 6 c. See Figure 6. If Bill and Hillary spend all of their time producing food, they can produce 30 units [(10 180?，F(xiàn)在，該家庭的生產(chǎn)可能性邊界是什么樣子的？ 。 ，畫出該家庭的生產(chǎn)可能性邊界?！?Ftrade that makes the country better off can harm certain individuals in the country. For example, suppose a country has a parative advantage in producing wheat and a parative disadvantage in producing cars. Exporting wheat and importing cars will benefit the nation as a whole, as it will be able to consume more of both goods. However, the introduction of trade will likely be harmful to domestic auto workers and manufacturers.，從世界其他國家進(jìn)口石油和衣服。” FComparative advantage reflects the opportunity cost of one good or activity in terms of another. If you have a parative advantage in one thing, you must have a parative disadvantage in the other thing.c.“如果某交易對交易一方有好處，那么該交易就不能對交易另一方有好處。中國這一生產(chǎn)力的提高如何影響兩個國家居民的狀況？假設(shè)中國生產(chǎn)率趕上了美國，由于兩國的生產(chǎn)效率完全相同，所以貿(mào)易產(chǎn)生的基礎(chǔ)不論是比較優(yōu)勢還是絕對優(yōu)勢就不復(fù)存在，這時(shí)中美之間的貿(mào)易就會消失。哪個國家會從交易中獲益？請解釋。 。 ，哪個國家具有絕對優(yōu)勢？哪個國家具有比較優(yōu)勢？ Absolute advantage: Scones English workers sweater Scottish workersComparative advantage: Scones English workers sweater Scottish workersComparative advantage runs the same way.c. 如果英格蘭和蘇格蘭決定進(jìn)行交易，蘇格蘭將用自己生產(chǎn)的哪種產(chǎn)品交換英格蘭的哪種產(chǎn)品？請解釋。如果加拿大仍然消費(fèi) 1000 萬單位汽車，這個買賣能讓加拿大消費(fèi)多少小麥？在你畫出的生產(chǎn)可能性邊界上標(biāo)出這一點(diǎn)。 1 單位汽車和 1 單位麥子的機(jī)會成本分是什么？解釋這兩種產(chǎn)品機(jī)會成本之間的關(guān)系。誰在比薩生產(chǎn)上具有絕對優(yōu)勢？Pat誰在比薩生產(chǎn)上具有比較優(yōu)勢？Pat ，誰會用比薩餅換取對方的汽水？ Pat, since she has a parative advantage in making pizza 。她們大部分時(shí)間用在學(xué)習(xí)上，小部分時(shí)間用于她們喜愛的活動上：做比薩餅和麥根汽水（root beer）。 ？neither哪個國家在谷物的生產(chǎn)上具有絕對優(yōu)勢？ the United States？哪個國家在谷物的生產(chǎn)上具有比較優(yōu)勢？ Japan has a parative advantage in producing cars, since it has a lower opportunity cost in terms of grain given up.(兩個國家之間的比較) The United States has a parative advantage in producing grain, since it has a lower opportunity cost in terms of cars given up. ，假設(shè)兩個國家都用一半人口生產(chǎn)汽車、一半人口生產(chǎn)谷物。為簡單起見，假設(shè)每個國家都有 1 億人。她每天學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間為 5 個小時(shí)。 。(D) 。 所有三個人將所有時(shí)間用于割草。你認(rèn)為是什么因素決定了這一邊界的形狀和位置？如果工程師發(fā)明了一種新的發(fā)電方法，這種方法產(chǎn)生的污染較少，那么生產(chǎn)可能性邊界將會發(fā)生什么變化？ The shape and position of the frontier depend on how costly it is to maintain a clean environment?the productivity of the environmental industry.：拉里（Larry）、摩爾（Moe）和克莉（Curly）。結(jié)果，鷹黨和鴿黨都減少了原本想生產(chǎn)的槍炮數(shù)量，假設(shè)兩黨的槍炮減少量