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3% Amino Acid and 3% Glycerin injection with Electrolytes 藥師 龐振宜 營養(yǎng)是生命的泉源 永遠(yuǎn)是要考慮到 必須給予病患 足夠的營養(yǎng)以維持其生命 永遠(yuǎn)是要考慮到必須給予病患 足夠的營養(yǎng)以維持其生命 Echenique MM。 Norton: JPEN。 Am. J Clin Ntutr, 1974: 27: 175187 The Importance: hypocaloric PPN Support Sufficient Protein in Postoperative ? The regimen of partial PN support is better in achieving 1. Less negative nitrogen balance 2. Improved visceral protein levels 3. Greater total lymphocyte count Protein source contribution at least 1g/kg/day Ref: TsannLong Hwang et al, JPEN: 1993; Vol 17, P254256 GlycalAmin (3% Amino Acid and 3% Glycerin injection with Electrolytes) D ex t ro se G l yce rin能量提供 3. 4k c al /克 4. 3k c al /克胰島素作用 須依賴胰島素 ,產(chǎn)生葡萄糖不耐性體內(nèi)代謝不須胰島素 ,無血糖昇高問題呼吸係數(shù)R e s pi r at or yqu ot i onR Q= 1 易產(chǎn)生 VCO2增高 , O2耗氧量增加 ,引起肺窘迫R Q= 0. 87 較不易引起肺窘迫 ,適合肺功能不全患者小靜脈刺激性 P H= 5. 0 滲透壓高 ,易引起靜脈炎P H= 6. 5 滲透壓低 ,靜脈炎發(fā)生機(jī)率較低熱安定性 不安定 ,與胺基酸引起褐化反應(yīng) ( M il l ar d R e ac t ion)安定 ,可加熱滅菌 ,減少藥局混合時(shí)的污染P 氮平衡 /4日 GlycalAmin174。靜脈營養(yǎng)的臨床應(yīng)用 Parenteral Nutrition ? 營養(yǎng)評估與營養(yǎng)需求 ? 靜脈營養(yǎng)支持注意要點(diǎn) ? 靜脈營養(yǎng)的適應(yīng)癥 ? 全靜脈營養(yǎng) TPN ? 周邊靜脈營養(yǎng) PPN ? 癌癥與營養(yǎng) 龐振宜 藥師 Clinical Decision Algorithm 營養(yǎng)評估 消化道功能 Yes No 腸道營養(yǎng) 胃腸功能 靜脈營養(yǎng) 短期 長期或須限水時(shí) Peripheral PN Central PN 胃腸功能恢復(fù) 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)配方 特殊配方 (Obstruction, peritonitis, intractable vomiting, acute pancreatitis, short bowel syndrome, ileus) 短期 Nasogastric Nasoduodenal Nasojejunal 長期 Gastrostomy Jejunostomy Nutrient Tolerance Adequate Progress to Oral Feedings Inadequate PN Supplementation Adequate Progress to More Complex Diet and Oral Feedings As Tolerated Progress to Total Enteral Feedings Normal Compromised No Yes Decision to Initiate Specialized Nutrition Support Ref: JPEN 17 ( Suppl 4): 7 SA, 1993 靜脈營養(yǎng) 建議攝取量 Critically Ill (Stress) Stable Formula g/L (葡萄糖 Fat) 1505030 150/2004030 蛋白質(zhì) g/kg/d 1 – 糖類 mg/kg/min 2 4 5 脂肪 g/kg/d 1 12 總熱量 kcal/kg/d 25 –30 30 35 水分 mL/kg/d Min. needed 30 40 ASPEN nutrition support practice manual 92, 1998 ?Maintenance levels of electrolytes ?Standard doses of multivitamins and trace elements Protein Requirements ( for Adult Patients) 1. 15 – 25 ﹪ of Total Calories 2. Nonprotein Calorie to Nitrogen Ratio 80 100 kcal : 1 / gm . N Severe Stress 150 200 kcal : 1 / gm . N Moderate Stress 3. Nutritional vs. Metabolic Support 22nd Clinical Congress, ASPEN 1998 Glucose Requirement ? Initial TPN : 100150 gm ( or 200gm) ? Can be increased by 5075 gm/d (blood glucose levels are stable but less than 200 mg/dl) ? the maximum glucose infusion rate be 4 mg/kg/min (2225Kcal/kg/day) Ref: 1. The ASPEN Nutrition Support Practice Manual. 1998 2. Contemporary Nutrition Support Practice. 1998 3. Clinical Nutrition Parenteral Nutrition 3 Edition。 一般氨基酸加電解質(zhì) 0 5 5 10