【正文】
:對有殘疾人士的正確提法正確:person who has a disability child with a congenital disabilitychild with a birth impairment person with mental illnesspeople with psychiatric disability 錯誤:disabled person defective child mentally ill person handicapped peoplementally retarded person避免使用有種族歧視嫌疑的語言:對有殘疾人士的正確提法正確:AsianAmerican AfricanAmerican, BlackAsians Native American, American Indian 錯誤:Chinaman, Jap nigger, Negro, AfroAmerican OrientalsIndian giver 注:本規(guī)范根據(jù)《MLA科研論文寫作規(guī)范(第五版)》改編,中文文獻的格式部分參考了《外語教學與研究》等英語學術(shù)期刊。例如,不要使用A reporter must not express his own opinions. 應采用以下形式:Reporters must not express their own opinions. (復數(shù))A reporter must not express an opinion. (冠詞)A reporter must not express his or her own opinions. (“he or she”)正確使用名詞詞組 指代成年人的名詞詞組應正確構(gòu)成,不得隱含歧視性意義。日期可以用如下兩種形式表示:January 15, 1929或15 January 1929在標注起始頁碼時,如果兩個數(shù)字均大于99,應采取如下省略形式:10304,100305,1608774大數(shù)字可以同時用拼寫和阿拉伯數(shù)字表示,如:“$2 million”?!薄#盒斌w的使用正確:Many people, even Shaw, spelled Shakespeare without the final e.正確:Difficult words such as sphinx were explained in Chinese.正確:Twelve of the 30 participants in Group 2 could not correctly pronounce building. 錯誤:Many people, even Shaw, spelled Shakespeare without the final “e.”錯誤:Difficult words such as SPHINX were explained in Chinese.錯誤:Twelve of the 30 participants in Group 2 could not correctly pronounce building. 獨立出版物(包括書報雜志、期刊、劇本、電影、軟件等)的名稱用斜體標出,如,Contemporary History of China(書籍)、Wall Street Journal(報紙)、Star Trek(電影),但是出版物內(nèi)含的作品的名稱以及未出版的作品(講演、論文等)的名稱用引號標出,如,“The Lottery”(短篇小說)、“London”(詩歌)、“How to Succeed in an Interview”(演講稿)。冠詞、介詞、并列連詞、不定式符號to,若非出現(xiàn)在第一個單詞、最后一個單詞或副標題第一個單詞的位置,首字母不得大寫。如:In The Awakening, Mme Ratignolle exhorts Robert Lebrun to stop flirting with Edna: “She is not one of us。二、正確使用大小寫論文中使用有序號的單位的時候,單位名稱的首字母應該大寫()。第四章 格式規(guī)范一、正確使用空格正確使用英語的一個基本要求是能夠正確空格,不能按英語文字規(guī)范正確空格的論文不是合格的論文。如果不同文獻有相同的第一作者,但其余作者不盡相同,則條目按第二作者姓氏的字母順序排列?,F(xiàn)在這樣以對學生和部分老師可能有點抽象)英文參考文獻和中文參考文獻分別歸類排列,英文的排在前,中文的排在后。條目中網(wǎng)址如需斷開換行,必須在“/”之后或者“.”之前,網(wǎng)址中不得出現(xiàn)空格。如:Bowering, George. “Baseball and the Canadian Imagination.” Canadian Literature 108 (1986): 11524. 鄭達華. 《查特萊夫人的情人》哲學層面的思考. 外國文學, 2003, (1): 8992.注:中文期刊不需標注卷號,只需標注期號。一般情況下,同一年出版的期刊屬于同一卷,同一卷的幾期之間是連續(xù)編碼的,因此不要標出是第幾期。如果百科全書或字典中的文章按字母順序排列,則可省略標注頁碼。Edens, Walter, et al. Teaching Shakespeare. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977. 張三等. 語言雜談. 香港: 博益出版有限公司, 1978. 相同作者(編者、譯者)的兩本以上的書同一作者(或幾位作者)所著的兩本以上的書,從第二本開始,作者的姓名用三個連字符表示。如:Bowere, Fredson, ed. The Red Badge of Courage: An Episode of the American Civil War. By Stephen Crane. 1895. Charlottesville: UP of Virginia, 1975.翻譯的書籍如果著重是指原著本身,則此條目以作者的姓名開始,在文獻的標題之后補充說明譯者的姓名。主標題和副標題之間用冒號連接。如:Confucius was quoted in The Analects as saying, “學而時習之,不亦樂乎” (“Learning with frequent reviewing, what a pleasure this is”)! 大段中文引文應用兩節(jié)引語段,即中文原文和英文譯文。如:Dorothea Brooke responds to her sister, “What a wonderful little almanac you are, Celia!” (7). 引語段的括號夾注不屬于單句,因而不得將其放在句末的標點以內(nèi)。如:A silver dome concealed the robot’s “brain.”Hakuta (1976) found two types of error in the subjects’ article usage and he termed them “error of omission” and “error of mission.” “You’ve got to be carefully taught,” wrote Oscar Hammerstein II about how radical prejudice is perpetuated. 冒號(“:”)、分號(“。如:In surveying various responses to plagues in the Middle Ages, Barbara W. Tuchman writes, “Medical thinking [. . .] stressed air as the municator of disease, ignoring sanitation or visible carriers.” 注意:中括號內(nèi)第一和第二個點之間空一格,第二和第三個點之間空一格;中括號前后各空一格。人物對話如果一行不能結(jié)束,換行時需要進一步縮進3格。引語段左邊應較正文縮進10格的距離。引語段的段首和段尾不得使用引號。引語段的字體、行距與正文保持一致。直接引語的格式規(guī)范散文體的引語四行或四行以下的散文體的引語應該寫入正文,并且用雙引號標明。 bk. 2, ch. 10).例子里的括號夾注表示引文來自該書第二冊第十章的第117頁。(注意標點的使用。 Seidensticker 114。引用整篇文獻的觀點 引用整篇文獻(即全書或全文)觀點時有兩種情況,一種是作者的姓氏在正文中沒有出現(xiàn),如:Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing (Taylor).另一種情況是作者的姓氏已在正文同一句中出現(xiàn),此時不需要使用括號夾注,如:Taylor claims that Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing.在英文撰寫的論文中引用中文著作或者期刊,括號夾注中只需用漢語拼音標明作者的姓氏,不得使用漢字,如:(Zhu)(引用整篇文獻的觀點)或(Zhu 12)(引用具體觀點)引用文獻中具體觀點或文字 引用文獻中某一具體觀點或文字時必須注明該觀點或者該段文字出現(xiàn)的頁碼,沒有頁碼是文獻引用不規(guī)范的表現(xiàn),如:Ancient writers attributed the invention of the monochord to Pythagoras, who lived in the sixth century BC (Marcuse 197).Monasteries in medieval Europe were not short of speculations about Greek inventions (Marcuse 190203).假若作者的姓氏已在正文同一句中出現(xiàn),則不需要在括號夾注中重復,只需標注頁碼,如:Ancient writers, accordi