【正文】
(比較狀語從句)B.例題講解1)No matter ______, the little sisters managed to round the sheep up and drive them back home safely.(《大學(xué)英語》(B)Test 1, 45)A. it was snowing hard B. hard it was snowingC. how it was snowing hard D. how hard it was snowing解析:此題為“no matter+疑問詞”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,因此可以排除A和B,而how疑問詞后面要接副詞或形容詞,因此正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。(原因狀語從句)(5)I’ll ring him up at once so that he shouldn’t wait for me. 我馬上給他掛電話以便他別等我了。例句:(1)When she woke up, she found everybody had gone. 她醒來時(shí),她發(fā)現(xiàn)大家都走了。5)The film brought the hours back to me _______ I was taken good care of in that remote village.(《大學(xué)英語》(B)Test 6, 42) A. when B. where C. that D. until解析:此題中,the hours為先行詞,表時(shí)間,而在從句中缺少的就是相應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語,因此正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。2)While I was in the university, I learned taking a photo, _______ is very useful now for me.(《大學(xué)英語》(B)Test 4, 32) A. it B. which C. that D. what解析:此題是which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,而A和D是不能引導(dǎo)定語從句的,因此正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。 He is the only one among us that knows English. 他是我們當(dāng)中唯一一個(gè)懂英語的人。(在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語) We know the reason why he was very angry. 我們知道他為什么非常生氣。(在定語從句中作賓語) It is a problem which needs very careful consideration. 這是一個(gè)需要非常認(rèn)真考慮的問題。2.定語從句A. 知識(shí)要點(diǎn)(1)在句子中作定語的從句稱為定語從句。常見的有:idea(主意), belief(信仰), doubt(疑問), evidence(證據(jù)), fact(事實(shí)), hope(希望), message(消息), news(消息), orders(命令), plan(計(jì)劃), promise(許諾), feeling(感覺), truth (真理,事實(shí))等。(表從)(4)名詞從句中注意的幾點(diǎn):①that引導(dǎo)主語從句或賓語從句時(shí),可用it作形式主語或形式賓語。(賓語從句)(3)由疑問詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句:疑問詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),在從句中擔(dān)任語法成分,而且常保留其本身的含義。(表從)The fact that Ann was late didn’t surprise 。在賓語從句中??墒∪?,其他名詞從句中不能省。2)It is not until you have lost your health _______ you know its value. (《大學(xué)英語》(B)Test6, 44) A. until B. when C. what D. that解析:It is not until…that…為強(qiáng)調(diào)句,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是until時(shí)間狀語,因此正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。. Mrs. Brown came to visit our college on Wednesday.→ It was on Wednesday that Mrs. Brown came to visit our college. 布郎太太是在星期三來參觀我們學(xué)院的.注意以下幾點(diǎn):① 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分為句子中除謂語動(dòng)詞以外的所有成分,但無論強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的什么成分,如時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等,都用that引出句子的其他部分,而不用when, where;② 在強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí),如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分在原句中作主語,用that或who皆可;如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分在原句中作賓語,用that、who或whom皆可;③ 在此結(jié)構(gòu)中be動(dòng)詞只有時(shí)態(tài)的變化,沒有數(shù)的變化,即不管被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),一律用is / was;④ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是從原正常句子中為強(qiáng)調(diào)而提取出來的那一部分,因而要保持原來句子的時(shí)態(tài),主語、賓語是代詞都仍用代詞⑤ It is / was not until … that …是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中常見的強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語從句的句式,that后用肯定式。4)Important _______ his discovery might be, it was regarded as a matter of no account in his time. (《大學(xué)英語》(B)Test 5, 42) A. when B. until C. as D. although解析:該句的意思是“______他的發(fā)明也許重要,在他那個(gè)時(shí)代,它被視為一件不重要的事情。 . Not only did he hear, but also he saw ,而且也看見了。(全部倒裝) Seldom have we felt as fortable as here. 我們很少感覺像在這里這么舒服。3)The young _______ interested in pop music. (《大學(xué)英語》(B)Test 5, 41) A. is B. have C. has D. are解析:答案D。both…and…表示“兩者都……”,連接的是兩個(gè)不同的主語,因此謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,所以正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。3.就近一致主語為either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also等連接的并列名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于它最靠近的名詞的數(shù)。 His time? Half was spent on books. 他的時(shí)間?一半是花在了讀書上。 What he told us was not the truth. 他所告訴我們的不是事實(shí)。. An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work. 一位專家和幾位助手被派去協(xié)助這項(xiàng)工作。主謂一致的關(guān)系根據(jù)“語法一致”、“意義一致”、和“就近一致”三項(xiàng)原則來實(shí)現(xiàn)。would rather后的從句用過去完成式虛擬過去的情況。3)I wish everybody _______ the meeting tomorrow. (《大學(xué)英語》(B)Test 4, 36) A. will attend B. would attend C. had attended D. is going to attend解析:B。虛擬語氣用法,這里是對過去發(fā)生的事情虛擬,用“if從句+had e,主句+would have caught”。 . I’d rather I had seen the film. 我真希望我看過這部電影。I wish I knew the answer. 但愿我知道答案。B.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)1.虛擬語氣用于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句表示對不可能發(fā)生的事實(shí)的一種假設(shè);或?qū)σ呀?jīng)發(fā)生過的事實(shí)進(jìn)行一種相反情況的假設(shè); 時(shí) 間 從句謂語形式 主句謂語形式虛擬現(xiàn)在時(shí)(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反) 動(dòng)詞的過去式(be一般用were) should (would, could,might )+動(dòng)詞原形虛擬過去時(shí)(與過去事實(shí)相反) had done should (would, could,might )+have done虛擬將來時(shí)(與將來事實(shí)可能相反) 動(dòng)詞過去式should+動(dòng)詞原形were to+動(dòng)詞原形 should (would, could,might )+動(dòng)詞原形 2.虛擬語氣用在表示要求、命令、建議語氣的詞引導(dǎo)的從句中:(1)用在動(dòng)詞suggest(建議), order(命令), insist(堅(jiān)持), require(需要), demand(要求),propose(提議)等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,以及它們相應(yīng)的名詞suggestion, order, insistence, demand, proposal 后面的表語和同位語從句中,這個(gè)從句的謂語要用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形” . We suggested that he(should)start 。題項(xiàng)中將make sb. do sth.(讓某人干某事)轉(zhuǎn)換成了被動(dòng)語態(tài) sb. was made to do sth.(某人被讓干某時(shí)),因此to不能少。注意:The book is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式:be+過去分詞。此題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+完成式。could與might與題意不符。C. 例題講解1)The young lady ing over to us ______ our English teacher。3.could+have done:這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示本來能做的事情而沒有做。注意:mustn’t的意思是“禁止”,needn’t的意思是“無須,不必”。由于“還沒有完成對明天功課的準(zhǔn)備”,因此“不能跟朋友外出玩?!?,根據(jù)句意,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成性,用完成式。根據(jù)題意,應(yīng)該用“平躺”之意。5)There was so much noise in the classroom that the teacher couldn’t make himself _______. (《大學(xué)英語》(B)Test 4, 41) A. heard B. hearing C. to hear D. hear解析:答案A。mind后面只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。不定式前加一個(gè)for him表示不定式的動(dòng)作是誰做的。. Tom’s not passing the exam made his father very ,這令他父親非常生氣。5.非謂語動(dòng)詞也有否定結(jié)構(gòu)、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)。(直譯:我讓房子被刷了油漆)4.非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語和定語時(shí),尤其是分詞作狀語時(shí),要注意分詞所隱含的邏輯主語必須和句子的主語一致。(2)不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語,表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生了(即動(dòng)作的全部過程結(jié)束了);現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ),表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生(即處于發(fā)生的過程中),如:. I saw the boy climb the wall. 我看見小孩爬墻了。. I forgot to take aspirin this morning.. 我上午忘了吃阿斯匹林了(但現(xiàn)在想起來了)。(1)有些及物動(dòng)詞只能用不定式作賓語,如:hope,want,wish,decide,manage等:. We all hope to see you. 我們都希望見到你。To refuse him is not easy this time. 這次很難拒絕他。(七)非謂語動(dòng)詞在英語中,不作句子謂語,而具有除謂語外其他語法功能的動(dòng)詞,叫做非謂語動(dòng)詞。此題意思為:約翰的父親自從哈佛大學(xué)畢業(yè)后就一直在這所學(xué)校讀書,這種狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,所以句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。B.例題講解1)When Lily came home at 5 . yesterday, her mother ______ dinner in the kitchen. (《大學(xué)英語》(B)Test 1, 36)A. cooked B. was cooking C. cooks D. has cooked解析:B?;蛘弑硎具^去某時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。5.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) 動(dòng)詞形式為 was/were + doing,表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。. I bought this puter five years ago.He often took a walk after supper when he was in Shanghai.3.一般將來時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞形式