【正文】 他希望這一目的會得到一直為同樣目的進(jìn)行抗?fàn)幍耐林褡宓慕邮?。保護(hù)土著人權(quán)益的活動家們擔(dān)心科學(xué)家可能會利用土著人：從當(dāng)?shù)厝搜獦又刑崛〉幕蛭镔|(zhì)可被用于商業(yè)目的，而DNA 提供者卻不會獲得足夠的報酬。他們居住的地區(qū)緊挨著發(fā)現(xiàn)早期歐洲人壁畫的幾個著名的洞穴這一事實(shí)使卡瓦里?斯福爾扎得出這樣的結(jié)論：“在歐洲最早的近代人中，巴斯克人極有可能與克羅馬努人關(guān)系最直接。The most distinctive members of the European branch of the human tree are the Basques of France and Spain. They show unusual patterns for several genes, including the highest rate of a rare blood type. Their language is of unknown origin and cannot be placed within any standard classification. And the fact that they live in a region next to famous caves which contain vivid paintings from Europe39。他們語言中那種獨(dú)特的短促而清脆的聲音使得一些研究者認(rèn)為科伊桑人是最原始的人類祖先的直系后裔。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)，再加上現(xiàn)代非洲人與非非洲人之間的巨大基因差異，說明了從非洲種群開始的分支是人類家譜上最早的分支。但是他們的基因卻表明并非如此。s native people and black Africans share such superficial characteristics as skin color and body shape, they were widely assumed to be closely related. But their genes tell a different story. Of all humans, Australians are most distant from the Africans and most closely resemble their neighbors, the Southeast Asians. What the eye sees as racial differences — between Europeans and Africans, for example — are mainly a way to adapt to climate as humans move from one continent to another.The same map, in bination with ancient human bones, confirms that Africa was the birthplace of humanity and thus the starting point of the original human movements. Those findings, plus the”Despite the difficulties, the scientists made some remarkable discoveries. One of them jumps right off the book39。潛在的供血者通常不敢合作，或存在宗教上的擔(dān)心。這實(shí)際上就是一幅哥倫布駛向美洲時期的世界人口基因分布圖。The information needed to draw that tree is found in human blood: various proteins that serve as markers to reveal a person39。這一項(xiàng)目的主要倡導(dǎo)者，斯坦福大學(xué)教授路卡?卡瓦里斯福爾扎，與同事一起經(jīng)過16年的努力，繪制了這一世界上首幅人類基因分布圖譜。它對人類在基因?qū)用嫔系牟町愖髁似駷橹棺顬閺V泛的調(diào)查，得出了明確的結(jié)論：如果不考慮影響膚色、身高等表面特征的基因，不同的“種族”在外表之下相似地令人吃驚。這一說法可能有些夸張。像國際商會這樣的商業(yè)團(tuán)體該做的是表明孰對孰錯，而非強(qiáng)制實(shí)行什么。Unfortunately, opinions differ among members of the ICC concerning how to enforce the code. The British members would like the system to have enough legal power to make panies behave themselves. However, the French delegates think it is the business of governments to make and impose law。中東的一些國家和某些亞洲國家的做法都屬此類。了解到建工部長收藏珍本書，他買了一本書的珍藏版，在書里夾了兩萬美元，將其送給部長。此人幫忙做成了一筆向伊朗提供坦克和其他軍事裝備的交易。比如，有一家美國企業(yè)曾因可能違反美國商業(yè)法規(guī)而受調(diào)查，當(dāng)時它捐出一大筆款項(xiàng)支持一位總統(tǒng)候選人。僅舉一例：美國第三大汽車制造企業(yè)克萊斯勒汽車公司透露，它在1971至1976年間共發(fā)生了250萬美元的可疑開支。如果花幾百萬英鎊能讓一些客戶高興，誰會有損失呢？我們不這樣干，別人也會這樣干的。t do it, someone else would. 假定在一場與政府官員的談判中，貿(mào)易部長向你明確表示如能給他一大筆賄賂，那么你的商品拿到進(jìn)口許可證就會容易得多，還可能避免他所說的“程序上的延誤”。Suppose that during a negotiation with some government officials, the Minister of Trade makes it clear to you that if you offer him a substantial bribe, you will find it much easier to get an import license for your goods, and you are also likely to avoid procedural delays, as he puts it. Now, the question is: do you pay up or stand by your principles?It is easy to talk about having high moral standards but, in practice, what would one really do in such a situation? Some time ago a British car manufacturer was accused of operating a fund to pay bribes, and of other questionable practices such as paying agents and purchasers an exaggerated mission, offering additional discounts, and making payments to numbered bank accounts in Switzerland. The pany rejected these charges and they were later withdrawn. Nevertheless, at that time, there were people in the motor industry in Britain who were prepared to say in private: Look, we39。不管怎么說，沒有什么地方比家更好。It39。這沒什么不妥，也對我們有好處，而且不像有些人那么令人尷尬：在超市付款處，排在前面的女人告訴收銀員，她的侄女梅利莎星期六可能會來看她。s telling the cashier that her niece Melissa may be ing to visit onand the television. We ask the cat whether we should wear the blue suit or the yellow dress. We ask the parrot if we should prepare steak, or noodles for dinner. We argue with ourselves over who is the每日不斷的瑣碎抱怨，對各種事情的看法和意見，積在那兒，塞滿了我們的心。t trust that new Supreme Court justice. 孤獨(dú)的感覺時起時落，但我們卻永遠(yuǎn)需要與人交談。s more basic than needing to listen. Oh, we all have friends we can tell important things to, people we can call to say we lost our job or fell on a slippery floor and broke our arm. It39。暫別的人會回來。其他人不在的時候，你可以放飛自己的靈魂，讓它充滿整個房間。If you live with o