對(duì)外經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué)815真題-wenkub.com
2025-01-06 17:46 本頁面
【正文】 however, they cede authority on trade when they perceive cooperation to be in their interest. For example, countries have surrendered elements of their sovereignty to the binding disputesettlement provisions of WTO. They have also banded together on other trade issues, such as multilateral treaties on ivory trade to protect elephants. In any situation, though, a country has the inalienable right to withdraw. At some point, a country might withdraw from the WTO rather than accept its reprimand in a trade dispute. Such action 21 could greatly hamper trade liberalization, particularly if the United States or the EU were to withdraw. The issue of environment standards for products and their production defy swift resolution. Countries with strict environmental regulations will undoubtedly consider assigning ―green countervailing duties‖ to penalize those firms that opt to operate where regulations are lax. Producers facing these import restrictions undoubtedly will claim that altruistic environmental standards are really a ruse to protect inefficient domestic producers. Further, governments of developing countries suspect that stricter product standards, largely advocated by industrial countries, will impose yet another nontariff trade barrier. Ultimately, trade policy depends to a great extent on public opinion. Groups that believe they have been adversely affected by imports, especially if due to unfair practices, are apt to be more vocal and persuasive at shaping public opinion than people who benefit from trade. What is more worrisome, recent survey report that a majority of people in the United States feel that foreign trade has been bad for the . economy. These surveys were taken during the boom years of the late 1990s. One doubts that the economic trials of the early twentyfirst century have improved Americans’ outlooks. Such negative sentiment threatens to slow foreign trade liberalization, especially in the face of a prolonged economic downturn. 3. The Investment Portfolio (10 points) No single investment instrument will provide ine, growth, and a high degree of safety. For this reason, all investors – whether institutions or individuals – build investment portfolio, or collections of various types of investments. Money managers and financial advisers are employed (1) to determine which investments should be in an investor’s portfolio and (2) to buy and sell securities and maintain the client’s portfolio. A major concern for them is diversification—reducing the risk of loss in a client’s total portfolio by investing funds in several different securities, so a loss experienced by any one will not affect the entire portfolio. A portion of a portfolio might be in investmentgrade corporate bonds, and a portion might be in mon stocks. Likewise, owing stock in ten large corporations provides greater safety through diversification than owing the stock of only one small technology pany. The loss of one stock might be offset by one or more other stocks. A portfolio might also be structured to provide a desired rate of return, the percentage gain or interest yield on investments. For example, an investmentgrade corporate bond might pay 7 percent interest but provide an expected capital gain 22 of only 2 percent, whereas a growth stock might be expected to a capital gain of 14 percent but pay no dividend. 23 2022 年碩士學(xué)位研究生入學(xué)考試初試試題 考試科目： 815 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)綜合 一、 名詞解釋 (每小題 3分，共 12 分 ) 范圍經(jīng)濟(jì) 帕累托改進(jìn) 成本推動(dòng)通貨膨脹 流動(dòng)性陷阱 二、單項(xiàng)選擇 (10題，每小題 1分，共 10 分 ) 對(duì)于商品房價(jià)格將會(huì)進(jìn)一步上升的預(yù)期，導(dǎo)致的直接結(jié)果是目前商品房市場中的（？） A．供應(yīng)量增加 B：供給增加 C．需求量增加 D．需求增加 如果閑暇是正常品，則財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入的增加會(huì)導(dǎo)致勞動(dòng)供給 量（？） A．增加 B．減少 D．不確定 根據(jù)基尼系數(shù)的大小，下列四個(gè)國家中哪一個(gè)國家的分配最為平均：（？） 在一級(jí)價(jià)格歧視下，（？）。s followed suit by offering lower prices on certain items and special meal binations......, Now everybody in the fastfoodbusiness is feeling the profit squeeze. So what are
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