【正文】 the glorification of the act of painting itself as a means of visual munication。 among other major abstract expressionists were such painters as Clyfford Still, Theodoros Stamos, Adolph Gottlieb, Helen Frankenthaler, Lee Krasner, and Esteban Vicente. Abstract expressionism presented a broad range of stylistic diversity within its largely, though not exclusively, nonrepresentational framework. For example, the expressive violence and activity in paintings by de Kooning or Pollock marked the opposite end of the pole from the simple, quiescent images of Mark Rothko. Basic to most abstract expressionist painting were the attention paid to surface qualities, ., qualities of brushstroke and texture。 also called action painting and the New York school. It was the first important school in American painting to declare its independence from European styles and to influence the development of art abroad. Arshile Gorky first gave impetus to the movement. His paintings, derived at first from the art of Picasso, Mir243。 in response to activation of this nerve supply, smooth muscle contracts (notably in the gut), the frequency of heart beat is slowed, and glands secrete. Acetylcholine is also an important transmitter at many sites in the brain at nervetonerve synapses. To understand how acetylcholine brings about a variety of effects in different cells it is necessary to understand membrane receptors. In postsynaptic membranes (those of the cells on which the nerve fibres terminate) there are many different sorts of receptors and some are receptors for acetylcholine. These are protein molecules that react specifically with acetylcholine in a reversible fashion. It is the plex of receptor bined with acetylcholine which brings about a biophysical reaction, resulting in the response from the receptive cell. Two major types of acetylcholine receptors exist in the membranes of cells. The type in skeletal muscle is known as ‘nicotinic’。 Tom is no wiser than John. 湯姆和約翰一樣沒有聰明才智。例如： He is taller than anyone else in our class. 他在我們班比其他任何都高。 The daily cost in an average hospital in the United States can run as high as $250 . 在美國普通醫(yī)院的每天的費(fèi)用可高達(dá) 250美元。 7) 沒有比較對(duì)象的比較結(jié)構(gòu)。 The more we have, the more we want. 人欲無窮。 6) 比較級(jí)中的兩個(gè)特殊作用的結(jié)構(gòu)是： The + 比較級(jí) + 句子， the + 比較級(jí) + 句子 。例如： This book is far more interesting than that one. 這本書比那一本有趣多了。常用的結(jié)構(gòu)是比較級(jí) + than 。 3） 在 as … as 的結(jié)構(gòu)中，我們還常見這樣兩種句型： as much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + as 和 as many + 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + as 。 James is not nearly as tall as Robert. 詹姆斯根本沒有羅伯特高。 I can39。 Arther calculates as accurately as a 。 英文中的形容詞和副詞一般都有三種級(jí)的形式即：原級(jí)（ The Positive Degree），比較級(jí)（ The Comparative Degree）和最高級(jí)（ The Superlative Degree）。 比較級(jí) 前同樣可以加倍數(shù)或程度副詞。學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：學(xué)習(xí)與太空和太空旅游相關(guān)的詞匯；復(fù)習(xí)間接引語；學(xué)習(xí)構(gòu)詞法（前綴和后綴及合成和轉(zhuǎn)化）；練習(xí)使用代詞。學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：學(xué)習(xí)與旅游和探險(xiǎn)相關(guān)的語言；復(fù)習(xí)特殊疑問句；練習(xí)過去完成時(shí)疑問句；復(fù)習(xí)介詞；學(xué)習(xí)旅游指南的寫法。學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：學(xué)習(xí)與旅游度假和環(huán)境相關(guān)的詞匯；練習(xí)表達(dá)看法和提出建議；練習(xí) to suggest, to remend 和 to advise 的用法；學(xué)習(xí)副詞用來表明態(tài)度；學(xué)習(xí)議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)。 all 還可以用在一些詞組中，如： all day (整天 ) all night (整夜 ) all this(所有這些 ) all the year round (整年 ) all day long (一天到晚 ) all the time (一直 ) each 和 every each和 every 這兩個(gè)詞在中文里都有 每一個(gè) 的意思，但它們?cè)诰渥永锔髯詮?qiáng)調(diào)的側(cè)重點(diǎn)卻不同： every 從每一個(gè)個(gè)體著眼而強(qiáng)調(diào) 整體 ；而 each 卻是把一些東西一個(gè)一個(gè)地加以考慮，強(qiáng)調(diào) 各個(gè) 。 all 在談到兩個(gè)以上的人或事物時(shí)，或是不可數(shù)的事物時(shí)，我們都可以用 all ；它在句中可 以充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語和同位語。 If he had taken my advice, he might not have made such a bad mistake. （事實(shí)是：他沒有聽我的建議）要是他聽進(jìn)了我的勸告就不會(huì)犯 這么嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤了。學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：學(xué)習(xí)與科技發(fā)展相關(guān)的語言；學(xué)習(xí) to allow, to let和 to make 的用法；學(xué)習(xí)議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)；學(xué)習(xí) all, every 和 each；練習(xí)連接詞語。學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：學(xué)習(xí)與計(jì)算機(jī)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)相關(guān)的詞匯；復(fù)習(xí)現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的用法；學(xué)習(xí)如何報(bào)告調(diào)查結(jié)果；學(xué)習(xí)委婉提問的方式。學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：學(xué)習(xí)與技術(shù)相關(guān)的詞匯；復(fù)習(xí) to need 的用法；學(xué)習(xí) used to 和 be/get used to 的用法；學(xué)習(xí)表達(dá)因果關(guān)系；學(xué)習(xí)如何描述技術(shù)問題和建議解決辦法；進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)寫電子郵件。 They seem to have known about it already .他們似乎已經(jīng)知道了這件事兒。例如： I regret to have treated her in that manner .我很抱歉用那種態(tài)度對(duì)待她。 She is said to have published a new book .據(jù)說她又出版了一本書。 Shall I be interrupting you if I stay here for a while? 要是我在這兒呆一會(huì)兒，會(huì)干擾你們嗎？ 不定式的 完成式 則表示不定式的動(dòng)作業(yè)已發(fā)生，并 發(fā)生于謂語動(dòng)作之先 。 B）預(yù)計(jì)、安排即將發(fā)生或勢(shì)必發(fā)生的動(dòng)作： 在這里，將來進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來時(shí)很接近，但是前者強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作 按計(jì)劃、安排要發(fā)生；間或也表示委婉、客氣 ，而后者只表示 動(dòng)作會(huì)在未來時(shí)間發(fā)生 。 I can39。t be using it. 星期五你可以在我的辦公室開會(huì)。 We can surely attain our goal as long as we are united as one . 只要我們團(tuán)結(jié)成一個(gè)人，我們肯定能實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的目標(biāo)。 They heard him read something aloud in the next room for a while. 他們聽見他在隔壁房間朗讀了一會(huì)兒。因此，說話人可根據(jù)需要和可能來確定自己的選擇。 They heard the topic being discussed all over the munity. 他們聽到那個(gè)話題在社區(qū)上下為人們談?wù)撝? The song was once heard sung in English. （主語補(bǔ)足語）有人曾聽見那首歌被人用英文唱過。例如： When I passed by his office , I found John reading something carefully . （賓語補(bǔ)足語）我經(jīng)過約瀚的辦公室時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)他正在認(rèn)真地看什么文件。 4) 作賓語補(bǔ)足語和主語補(bǔ)足語 分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語和主語補(bǔ)足語其實(shí)是同一成分用于兩種不同的句式中。 當(dāng)句子的主語既不是分詞的邏輯主語也不是它的形式主語時(shí)，也就是說這時(shí)主語和分詞之間沒有關(guān)系，分詞可以帶上自己的邏輯主語而構(gòu)成獨(dú)立 結(jié)構(gòu)（ Absolute Construction）。 這種表達(dá)形式的意義是 分詞動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；但分詞動(dòng)作與句子的主語之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 。 When explaining it to her , you should be patient . 對(duì)她解釋這件事時(shí)，你應(yīng)該耐心些。 Considering the poorer financial status, they decided to delay their project . （表示條件）鑒于較差的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況，他們決定將工程推遲。 When leaving the airport , Yang Xia and Din Meiyuan waved with tears to the Chinese delegates left in Sydney. （表示時(shí)間）當(dāng)楊霞和丁美媛離開機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)，他們含而淚向留在悉尼的中國奧運(yùn)代表們揮手告別。 由于分詞有兩種形式，所以分詞作狀語的意義和作用也不盡相同：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語主要是對(duì)謂語動(dòng)作加以修飾、烘托；過去分詞作狀語主要是說明謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景、條件。 分詞動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作基本上在前后差不多的世間發(fā)生，或是同時(shí)發(fā)生。 The shop was closed when she got there .她到那兒時(shí)，那家商店關(guān)門了。 He got very much excited when he heard that Fu Mingxia won the 26th gold medal for China .當(dāng)他聽到伏明霞為中國獲得第 26塊金牌時(shí)，他非常激動(dòng)。例如： The cloverleaf intersection being built is designed by a young man . 那座正在興建的立交橋是一位年輕人設(shè)計(jì)的。 The girl standing by her mother looked very timid. 站在她媽媽旁邊的那個(gè)女孩看上去很膽小。 過去分詞作定語，主要說明 業(yè)已完成的動(dòng)作 或是 一個(gè)在以前某個(gè)未知時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 。 經(jīng)過上面的分析，我們?cè)賮碛懻摲衷~在句子中的作用就比較容易了。 China has no time to lose to catch up with the developed countries in the world . 中國要分秒必爭(zhēng)地趕上世界的發(fā)達(dá)國家。 Hurt by their impolite words , he flared up . 由于他們那些不禮貌的話傷害了他，他突然發(fā)火了。t like canned food , I prefer something fresh . 我不喜歡吃罐裝食品，我愛吃新鮮的。這里所說的 與分詞的相關(guān)詞 的所指與 現(xiàn)在分詞中講的所指 一樣。這里 說的與