【正文】 s rival, the National Basketball League, had existed since the 1930s, had better players, like Mikan of the Minneapolis Lakers, Bob Davies of the Rochester Royals, and Dolph Shayes of the Syracuse Nationals, but operated in much worse facilities and did not do much better at attracting audiences. In 1948, Podoloff lured the Lakers, Royals, and two other teams to the BAA and proposed a merger of the two leagues for the 1949–1950 season. The result was the National Basketball Association (NBA), with Podoloff its first missioner. The seventeenteam league struggled at first but soon reduced its size and gained stability, in large part because of Mikan39。s development: zone defenses, the weave, the passing game, and the fast break. In the decade preceding World War II, five events changed college basketball and allowed it to bee a major spectator sport. In 1929, the rules mittee reversed a decision that would have outlawed dribbling and slowed the game considerably. Five years later, promoter Edward Ned Irish staged the first intersectional twin bill in Madison Square Garden in New York City and attracted more than 16,000 fans. He demonstrated the appeal of major college ball and made New York its center. In December 1936, Hank Luisetti of Stanford revealed the virtues of the onehanded shot to an amazed Garden audience and became the first major collegiate star. Soon thereafter, Luisetti scored an incredible fifty points against Duquesne, thus ending the East39。s Philadelphia SPHAs (South Philadelphia Hebrew Association)。s World Basketball Association, before the WNBA debuted in 1997 with the support of the NBA. James Naismith, originally from Almonte, Ontario, invented basketball at the International YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1891. The game was first played with peach baskets (hence the name) and a soccer ball and was intended to provide indoor exercise for football players. As a result, it was originally a rough sport. Although ten of Naismith39。s basketball league in the United States was the National Basketball League (NBL), which debuted in 1898. Players were paid on a pergame basis, and this league and others were hurt by the poor quality of games and the everchanging players on a team. After the Great Depression, a new NBL was anized in 1937, and the Basketball Association of America was anized in 1946. The two leagues came to agree that players had to be assigned to teams on a contract basis and that high standards had to govern the game。s basketball. Until World War II, basketball became increasingly popular in the United States especially at the high school and college levels. After World War II, its popularity grew around the world. In the 1980s, interest in the game truly exploded because of television exposure. Broadcast of the NCAA Championship Games began in 1963, and, by the 1980s, cable television was carrying regular season college games and even high school championships in some states. Players like Bill Russell, Wilt Chamberlain, and Lew Alcindor (Kareem AbdulJabbar) became nationally famous at the college level and carried their fans along in their professional basketball careers. The women39。 England in 1894。s five basic principles center on the ball, which was described as large, light, and handled with the hands. Players could not move the ball by running alone, and none of the players was restricted against handling the ball. The playing area was also open to all players, but there was to be no physical contact between players。s games measures in (7576 cm) in circumference, and a women39。（ 3）社會(huì)需要的分析，社會(huì)是豐富的、多元的、各行各業(yè)都有需求。因此，對(duì)教育、對(duì)學(xué)校、對(duì) 老師都有了新的要求和認(rèn)識(shí)（僅供參考）（ 2）闡述依據(jù)（ P389頁(yè)）（ 3）對(duì)策?！彪m然反映教師經(jīng)常發(fā)脾 氣的小學(xué)生、中學(xué)生的比例只有 %和 %，但是反映教師不發(fā)脾氣的小學(xué)生和中學(xué)生的比例也只有 %和 %，也就是說(shuō)有 %的小學(xué)生和 %的中學(xué)生認(rèn)為教師在他們面前發(fā)脾氣，只是“經(jīng)常”、“有時(shí)”、“偶爾”之間的程度不同而已。 答題要點(diǎn)：教師應(yīng)該具備的當(dāng)代學(xué)生觀有：（ 1）以人為本的理念；（ 2）尊重的教育理念；（ 3）重視學(xué)生發(fā)展性的 教育理念；（ 4）依法施教的理念；（ 5）自我教育的理念。因此，教師職業(yè)距離 專業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相差很遠(yuǎn)，有必要向?qū)I(yè)化方向努力。 現(xiàn)在的教師教育就是在終身教育思想的指導(dǎo)下，按照教師專業(yè)發(fā)展的不同階段，對(duì) 教師進(jìn)行的連續(xù)性的、可持續(xù)發(fā)展的、一體化的教育。 要點(diǎn)：（ 1）表明觀點(diǎn)：不會(huì)。 為了達(dá)到廣泛交流目的，學(xué)校每周一組織一次 課題宣講，“小博士”向老師、同學(xué)介紹自已研究的基本經(jīng)過(guò)，課題的主要內(nèi)容，進(jìn)行課題研究的體會(huì)，并當(dāng)場(chǎng)回答同學(xué)們提出的各種問(wèn)題。 同學(xué)們利用課余時(shí)間，去圖書(shū)館、逛書(shū)店、上網(wǎng)搜尋等手段搜集材料。在教學(xué)中可以創(chuàng)設(shè)一種類似于學(xué)術(shù)（或科學(xué)）研究的情境，通過(guò)學(xué)生自主、獨(dú)立地發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題、解決問(wèn)題的探究過(guò)程，讓學(xué)生獲得智力、能力的發(fā)展和深層次的情感體驗(yàn)、構(gòu)建知識(shí) 、掌握解決問(wèn)題的方法。 其次，提倡合作學(xué)習(xí)。 （答題 注意事項(xiàng)：論述題一不能僅僅回答要點(diǎn)，必須要有“論”的內(nèi)容，也就是要展開(kāi)論述；二不能僅僅回答理論問(wèn)題，必須有結(jié)合實(shí)際的內(nèi)容。 二、論述題 1．試述綜合實(shí)踐活動(dòng)作為教育途徑的重要作用。（ 2）但是，環(huán)境教育的作用都大大的勝過(guò)了遺傳的作用。（ 3）教育投入與成效的周期是漫長(zhǎng)的持續(xù)的。結(jié)果是，美國(guó) 1929年到 1957年教育投資在增加國(guó)民收入中作出貢獻(xiàn)的比率是 33%。） 三、實(shí)例分析題（或辯析題） 1．美國(guó)芝加哥大學(xué)教授舒爾茨被認(rèn)為是教育經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的創(chuàng)始人。 （答題注意事項(xiàng)：論述題一不能僅僅回答要點(diǎn)，必須要有“論”的內(nèi)容，也就是要展開(kāi)論述；論述題二不能僅僅回答理論問(wèn)題，必須有結(jié)合實(shí)際的內(nèi)容。 （ 2）現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的發(fā)展越來(lái)越呈現(xiàn)高速度的態(tài)勢(shì)，科技轉(zhuǎn)化為生產(chǎn)力的周期越來(lái)越短。單一科技和經(jīng)濟(jì)的進(jìn)步并不能導(dǎo)致社會(huì)的全面的、可持續(xù)的發(fā)展。因此教育優(yōu)先發(fā)展又可稱為教育超前發(fā)展或教育先行。人的身心發(fā)展 的內(nèi)部矛盾是“本我”與“自我”的矛盾，即個(gè)體的需要與已有水平之間的矛盾；其外部矛盾是“自我”與“超我”的矛盾，即個(gè)體現(xiàn)有的發(fā)展水平與社會(huì)要求之間的矛盾。（ 3）科學(xué)地 處理了自由發(fā)展與教育引導(dǎo)的關(guān)系。告別老師時(shí)，趙寧的眼睛里噙滿了淚水。下不為例，決不再犯！” 朱兆林讀著這份整整 800字的“檢查”，深受感動(dòng)。嗚呼惜矣，錯(cuò)失良機(jī)。轉(zhuǎn)天，一份“詩(shī)經(jīng)體”的檢查放在朱兆林的案頭：“嗚呼悔矣，未完吾題。同學(xué)們七嘴八舌地向朱兆林報(bào)告今天“將軍”闖禍的經(jīng)過(guò)。 這個(gè)有著“領(lǐng)袖”能力的男生，曾帶著自已的足球隊(duì)員偷偷翻過(guò)圍網(wǎng)進(jìn)場(chǎng)踢球；曾為了保護(hù)“小同學(xué)”和人打架留下青紫的傷痕。 三、實(shí)例分析題（或辯析題） 1．有一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，學(xué)校當(dāng)然是“校長(zhǎng)”說(shuō)話才真正算數(shù)。即要把主要精力用在課堂教學(xué)上，通過(guò)教學(xué)改革，使學(xué)生在掌握 大量知識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展能力與個(gè)性，使全面提高學(xué)生素質(zhì)的理想目標(biāo)具備堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。） 2． 試述素質(zhì) 教育的特征和實(shí)質(zhì)。（ 2）終身教育改變了教育的目的和功能。（ 6