【正文】 他們的目標(biāo)是將知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移給產(chǎn)業(yè)界，以填補(bǔ)知識(shí)差距，激勵(lì)創(chuàng)新為主導(dǎo)的企業(yè)提供更高價(jià)值的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。 科技中介機(jī)構(gòu) 為配合上述行動(dòng) ,我們會(huì)更緊密地與 科技中介機(jī)構(gòu)合作并發(fā)揮其作用。使他們能夠滿足部分的費(fèi)用 ,投資于技術(shù)創(chuàng)新。 在未來(lái) ,支持技術(shù)創(chuàng)新將通過五個(gè)要素來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)： 合作研發(fā)支持 ,以滿足部分的成本與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)研究和技 術(shù)開發(fā)。不過，還有一個(gè)作用，那就是政府可以發(fā)揮把英國(guó)科技轉(zhuǎn)化為商業(yè)上的成功應(yīng)用提供機(jī)會(huì)和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)措施的作用。比如在 1992年 2020年這 10年期間，英國(guó)的生物技術(shù)公司在已由原來(lái)的 165個(gè)增加到425個(gè)，營(yíng)業(yè)額增加了六倍 (從￡ ￡ )。 需要提高 新的技術(shù) ，這些領(lǐng)域包括我們的工作方法、自然和社會(huì)環(huán)境等。在某些情況下，英國(guó)政府扮演著影響歐洲或全球發(fā)展規(guī)模的角色。 ,我們制作了三個(gè)白皮書，“我們的未來(lái)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是建設(shè)一個(gè)以知識(shí)為主機(jī)會(huì) 政府采購(gòu) 法規(guī) 可能性 知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán) 框架測(cè)量 系統(tǒng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 建議和支持 最佳實(shí)踐項(xiàng)目 研發(fā)新技術(shù)支持 幫助獲得融資 研發(fā)稅收信貸支持 外來(lái)投資 進(jìn)入全球知識(shí)庫(kù) 企業(yè)創(chuàng)新 宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境穩(wěn)定 教育和培訓(xùn)政策 貿(mào)易政策 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)政策 物理及資訊科技基建 科學(xué)政策 11 導(dǎo)的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系” (1998)，“卓越與機(jī)遇 科技與創(chuàng)新的政策，為二十一世紀(jì)” (2020)和“機(jī)會(huì) ,讓整個(gè)的世界，企業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新” (2020 年 )。 圖 政府政策如何影響創(chuàng)新 政府領(lǐng)域的影響力 。 管理環(huán)境影響創(chuàng)新可能性和激勵(lì)機(jī)制。相對(duì)較低的水平的創(chuàng)新可能多是由于缺乏激勵(lì)機(jī)制和能力較弱 ,雖然有部分資金缺口?；旧鲜侨藙?chuàng)造知識(shí) ,企業(yè)管理創(chuàng)新。以科學(xué)為基礎(chǔ)的技術(shù)正在日益受到重視，新的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)往往體現(xiàn)了廣泛的技術(shù)。為了幫助我們做到這一點(diǎn)，我們制定了可以廣泛的審查國(guó)際創(chuàng)新文學(xué)的專家小組。 調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模 ,英國(guó)公司的專利申請(qǐng)活動(dòng)在歐洲、日本和美國(guó)的申請(qǐng)量遠(yuǎn)低于日本、德國(guó)和美國(guó)，并且低于歐洲的平均水平。關(guān)于英國(guó)的創(chuàng)新表現(xiàn)的要點(diǎn)如下。 2020 年春歐盟各國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在葡萄牙里斯本聲明要使歐盟“到 2020年成為世界上最有活力的 , 以知識(shí)為本的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系”。 戰(zhàn)是緊迫和持續(xù)得。許多高科技廠商現(xiàn)在多賺的錢來(lái)自服務(wù)方面的要比來(lái)自制 造生產(chǎn)的多。相關(guān)的產(chǎn)業(yè)正在形成，如生物技術(shù)，和正在改變的傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè) (如生長(zhǎng)技術(shù)紡織品 )。 運(yùn)輸和通信成本長(zhǎng)期的減少開辟了新的市場(chǎng)和更快的全球通信，意味著消費(fèi)者了解新的時(shí)尚觀念和產(chǎn)品的速度比以往任何時(shí)候要快。這給擴(kuò)大貿(mào)易帶來(lái)了機(jī)會(huì)。以創(chuàng)新為主導(dǎo)公司的成功有一些共同特點(diǎn) (方框 )。 。創(chuàng)新，包括建立新的設(shè)計(jì)觀念及做法，進(jìn)行市場(chǎng)開發(fā)，隨后擴(kuò)散到剩下的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)問題。 該報(bào)告補(bǔ)充了 朗伯 對(duì)于大學(xué)與商界的聯(lián)系以及跨政府部門的技能策略的研究。 他們幫助 我們識(shí)別 英國(guó)的創(chuàng)新體系中 的 當(dāng)前的長(zhǎng)處 和弱點(diǎn)。就整體而言，英國(guó)企業(yè)面臨著一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn) :如何提高自己的創(chuàng)新比率 ? 創(chuàng)新是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的過程。 科技變化和市場(chǎng)反應(yīng)的速度使創(chuàng)新挑戰(zhàn) 變得 緊迫 和連續(xù)。對(duì)于商業(yè)的挑戰(zhàn)將具有獨(dú)特的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)價(jià)值。D tax credits Support for inward investment Access to global knowledge base Business Innovation Building blocks of innovation: a supportive climate Macroeconomic stability Education and training policy Trade policy Competition policy Physical and IT infrastructure Science policy Enablers Intellectual property framework Measurement system Standards Bu 6 we work and interact with our physical, natural and social environments. For example, the developments of the Inter and mobile munications have transformed people’s access to information. pace of change is often quicker than anticipated and the impacts are fundamental. The growth of pletely new industries such as biotechnology, software and the digital content industry in the UK, as well as the decline of more traditional sectors, bear very real testimony to this. For example during the 10 year period 19922020 the number of biotechnology businesses in the UK has increased from some 165 to 425, and turnover has increased by over six fold (from ￡ billion to ￡ billion). UK has a strong indigenous knowledge source available to business through the Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) base and we do have a strong presence in some sciencebased technologies such as pharmaceuticals, telemunications and aerospace. Promoting knowledge transfer . The SET base makes a major contribution to knowledge transfer through the publication of research results and the supply of highly skilled people capable of transferring and adapting codified and tacit knowledge. However, there is an additional role that Government can play in providing the opportunities and incentives for translating quality UK science into mercially successful applications. simplify arrangements for universities, Higher Education Institutions（ HEIF） is to be consolidated into a permanent third stream of knowledge transfer funding to universities, alongside that for teaching and research. More money will be put into the second round of HEIF. The aim is to simplify the funding landscape and ensure that HEIs in England have greater discretion and the flexibility to develop their capacity in a way that best suits their needs and the needs of business. In future, support for technological innovation will be available through five products： Collaborative Ramp。 Above average investment in market led research and development。 1 外文資料 商管 031 梅文飛 0364027 Competing in the global economy: the innovation challenge Rt. Hon. Tony Blair, Lord Sainsbury. Innovation : 1731， 5265. Chapter 1 The innovation challenge Summary Global petition is increasing as a result of trade liberalization, technological change and reductions in transport and munication costs. UK based businesses will find it increasingly difficult to pete on low costs alone in labour intensive industries exposed to international petition. The challenge for businesses is to pete on the basis of unique value. We have defined innovation as the successful exploitation of new ideas and it is central