中國對(duì)外投資的歷史情形和現(xiàn)今趨勢(shì)外文翻譯-wenkub.com
2025-05-07 17:49 本頁面
【正文】 一個(gè)防衛(wèi)型的投資的進(jìn)一步說明，尋求市場(chǎng)的對(duì)外直接投資，是在2020年 TCL集團(tuán)購買了破產(chǎn)的德國電視機(jī)制造商施耐德電子股份有限公司， TCL是中國第二大電視和移動(dòng)電話制造商。舉個(gè)例子，保護(hù)主義措施的實(shí)施目前為了一個(gè)小的但是占很大比例的目前中國對(duì)美國、拉丁美洲的投資的增長(zhǎng)，但是對(duì)歐洲并不是這樣，出于防守型的尋求市場(chǎng)的原因。中國企業(yè)已經(jīng)建立起長(zhǎng)久的海外經(jīng)營來促進(jìn)貿(mào)易。加拿大也是許多相關(guān)于中國投資的木材和漁業(yè)的東道國（比如中國國際信托投資公司在加拿大月亮牌的紙漿制造廠和鋸木廠上的投資）。 有爭(zhēng)論說來自新興國家的跨國公司在尋求技術(shù)和學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)最有可能投資到工業(yè)化國家。大部分的投資者是國有企業(yè)，享受來自中國政府強(qiáng)有力的支持，以直接財(cái)務(wù)幫助的形式。 1．求自然資源的對(duì)外直接投資 為了滿足本國消費(fèi)者，向后整合以獲得或保證國外特殊限定區(qū)域的資源和商品的供應(yīng)已經(jīng)成為自 20世紀(jì) 70年代末以來中國對(duì)外直接投資的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)力。然而，對(duì)于這反映了中國跨國公司管理能力和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的提高的這一假設(shè)應(yīng)謹(jǐn)慎行事。目前中國很多企業(yè)在國際資本市場(chǎng)上對(duì)于提高投資資金很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，尤其在香港。影響反對(duì)技術(shù)和訣竅泄露的威脅，減少聯(lián)盟伙伴的投機(jī)主義行為的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并允許全額撥款的投資回報(bào) 。有很多解釋了近幾年更多使用獨(dú)資進(jìn)入模式的原因。因此，此時(shí)我們也看到了影響中國企業(yè)選擇國際合資企業(yè)形式的機(jī)構(gòu)和公司的具體因素。該合資企業(yè)的形式也讓中國的跨國公司對(duì)本地業(yè)務(wù)有一定程度的控制，同時(shí)也可以避免買斷所有權(quán)和隨之而來的政治和商業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。這種合資企業(yè)的形式被看做是一輛帶動(dòng)國外擁有的技術(shù)、管理訣竅和其他技術(shù)流入中國的車輛。 1995 年中國學(xué)者也報(bào)告說中國企業(yè)傾向于選擇在海外的項(xiàng)目中持有更多的股份，通常以 40%到 70%之間參股，特別是天然資源導(dǎo)向型和與生產(chǎn)有關(guān)的項(xiàng)目。 the negotiation of bilateral investment treaties and trade agreements with host countries and the close intergovernmental relationships that China is now reviving across certain parts of the developing world. Exemplar panies include China Natural Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), the joint owner of a Sudanese oil production plant (together with Canadian, Malaysian and local interests), Sinopec, Shanghai Baosteel (the owner of six joint ventures in Australia, Brazil and South Africa in ironore mining and steel trading), Sinochem and China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC). There is some evidence to suggest that of?cial development aid provided by China to developing countries (for example, concerning telemunications and transportation infrastructure development, projectspeci?c intergovernmental loans, education packages and so forth) is predicated upon market access or exploitation and extraction rights being granted to Chinese MNEs (Pan 2020, Evans/Downs 2020). It has been argued that MNEs from emerging countries are most likely to invest in the industrialised countries when looking to access technology and learning (Monkiewicz 1986, Ye 1992, Deng 2020). However, this may not be the case for China. Whilst knowledgeacquisition has bee increasingly important to Chinese MNEs in 5 recent years, much of Chinese ODI by value was invested in the industrialised countries primarily for naturalresource seeking reasons, especially in the early 1990s. Good examples include the investments by CITIC and Huaguang Forest Co. Ltd in timber plantations in New Zealand, CITIC?s investment in forestry in the USA, CITIC and China National Nonferrous Metal Industrial Corporation?s 10 percent (US$120mn) investment in Portland Aluminium?s smelter operations in Australia. Canada is also now host to a number of timber and ?sheries related Chinese investments (., CITIC?s investment in the Celgar pulp mill and sawmill project) (Zhang 2020). MarketSeeking FDI Chinese MNEs now conduct both defensive and offensive marketseeking FDI. It is axiomatic to state that China enjoys a parative advantage in lowcost labour and labourintensive production. Given the locationbound nature of labour, the international petitiveness of the majority of (both foreign and locallyowned) ?rms in China necessitate
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