【正文】 且大多數(shù)貸款是銀行的重要資產(chǎn)組合，它包括總資產(chǎn)額的 50%至 70%。因此，各大銀行必須衡量，管理和接受的是信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)或違約風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 銀行面臨的是金融和非金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，即 信貸，市場(chǎng)，利率，外匯，流動(dòng)性，股票價(jià)格，法律，法規(guī)，信譽(yù)，經(jīng)營(yíng)等。 結(jié)論： 資產(chǎn)質(zhì)量是重要參數(shù)的基礎(chǔ)之一，它是基于按照規(guī)定和市民評(píng)估的銀行表現(xiàn)來的。這個(gè)條例有助于銀行通過良好的業(yè)務(wù)集中來消除不良貸款業(yè)務(wù)。在 2020 至 2020 年間，亞洲的國(guó)家行動(dòng)綱領(lǐng)的比例從 萬億美元增加到 2 萬億美元，增加了 33%。這種差異主要是在于國(guó)家行動(dòng)綱領(lǐng)，其次是印度和世界其他地區(qū)的會(huì)計(jì)差異。 國(guó)際上國(guó)家行動(dòng)綱領(lǐng)水平的比較： 印度的銀行體系相對(duì)于那些國(guó)家 ，特別是發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體的其他國(guó)家的貸款水平問題的比較，更何況在我國(guó)金融業(yè)對(duì)外開放方面。從卡爾，國(guó)家行動(dòng)綱領(lǐng) 和在所預(yù)定銀行的回收率來評(píng)估評(píng)估其相對(duì)位置，以確定公共部門銀行和被仔細(xì)閱讀的私人銀行的國(guó)家行動(dòng)綱領(lǐng)的水平。也許更重要的是，不良資產(chǎn)的有效管理要求在銀行開立適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)部制衡制度。換句話說，資產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的提高是加強(qiáng)對(duì)銀行工作和改善其財(cái)政狀況的根本。 貸 款和墊款作為銀行資產(chǎn)總額在銀行的凈盈利和利潤(rùn)上發(fā)揮著重要組成部分的作用。 8． 建議改善印度商業(yè)銀行實(shí)行信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的的措施梗概。 4． 剖析和分析公共部門對(duì)私營(yíng)部門的集中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 同樣，印度儲(chǔ)備銀行提出了基于被檢查風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的監(jiān)管（ RBS），以掌握其方向和執(zhí)行問題。 人們普遍認(rèn)為，一盎司的預(yù)防勝過一磅的治療。 在這領(lǐng)域的進(jìn)展已導(dǎo)致許多形式的信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的傳統(tǒng)限制，以及當(dāng)前國(guó)際清算銀行（ BIS）監(jiān)管模式的局限性。 信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理（ CRM）的動(dòng)態(tài)： 從世界范圍來看，信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)已被證明是金融機(jī)構(gòu)面臨的所有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)中最至關(guān)重要的。從國(guó)際上各類不斷完善以確保銀行透明度 越來越高的方法來看，由 2020 年 3月 31 日決定在年底將采用“ 90 天或以上”定為資產(chǎn)不良率的衡量方法。這一措施將有助于加強(qiáng)印度國(guó)內(nèi)銀行的資產(chǎn)平衡率。其中，約為 75,000 千萬盧比，總投資的 %將會(huì)是壞賬和呆賬。 （ 1） 不良資產(chǎn)水平較高的全球基準(zhǔn)比較 （ 2） 印度儲(chǔ)備銀行是關(guān)于規(guī)定股息分銷的銀行 （ 3） 經(jīng)修訂的國(guó)家行動(dòng)綱領(lǐng)的水平和 CAR 規(guī)范 （ 4） 新巴塞爾資本協(xié)定（巴塞爾二）革命 根據(jù) ICRA公司的調(diào)查研究報(bào)告，印度的銀行一審計(jì)年的估計(jì)資不良資產(chǎn)比例已從 2020年的 %上升至 2020 年的 %.在這些全球化的銀行 里，總的估計(jì)不良資產(chǎn)比例在 2020審計(jì)年內(nèi)降低了 %個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。在業(yè)內(nèi)，區(qū)域貸款和工業(yè)貸款，通過被提供的一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)可以洞察到未來的進(jìn)程。由于保證金水平下降，銀行無法吸收貸款水平損失。 信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的優(yōu)勢(shì)體現(xiàn)在銀行必須保持針對(duì)各種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的一個(gè)側(cè)面來保護(hù)經(jīng)濟(jì)資本組成 。一般來說， 在印度 是 通過傳統(tǒng)的銀行評(píng)估 ，即運(yùn)用 項(xiàng)目融資工具 來 計(jì)算評(píng)估管理能力 的 最大允許限度 ，并指定 對(duì)一個(gè)行 業(yè)暴露的最高限額。一個(gè)成功的信用風(fēng) 險(xiǎn)管理 是 明確認(rèn)識(shí)銀行信用狀況的結(jié)論來得出，它是關(guān)于投資組合內(nèi)各項(xiàng)目的貸款風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和 違約風(fēng)險(xiǎn) ，并達(dá)成可能的組合。 這 其中最重要的是經(jīng)濟(jì)自由化的風(fēng)，吹在全球范圍內(nèi)。只有已經(jīng) 擁有 有效的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理系統(tǒng) 的 這些銀行 才能 在市場(chǎng)中生存 并 長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)運(yùn)行。 Young13, the actual level of NPAs of banks in India is around $40 billion, much higher than the government own estimates of $ billion 14 . This difference is largely due to the discrepancy in the accounting of NPAs followed by India and rest of the world. According to Ernst amp。vis private sector banks. 6. Reviewing the New Basel Capital Accord norms and their likely impact on credit risk management practices of Indian mercial banks. 7. Examining the role of Risk Based Supervision in strengthening credit risk management practices of Indian mercials banks. 8. Suggesting a broad outline of measures for improving credit risk management practices of Indian mercial banks. 2. THE PROBLEM OF NONPERFORMING ASSETS Introduction: Liberlization and Globalization ushered in by the government in the early 90s have thrown open many challenges to the Indian financial sector. Banks, amongst other things, were set on a path to align their accounting standards with the International standards and by global players. They had to have a fresh look into their balance sheet and analyze them critically in the light of the prudential norms of ine recognition and provisioning that were stipulated by the regulator, based on Narasimhan Committee remendations. Loans and Advances as assets of the bank play an important part in gross earnings and profits of banks. The share of advances in the total assets of the banks forms more than 60 percent7 and as such it is the backbone of banking structure. Bank lending is very crucial for it make possible the financing of agricultural, industrial and mercial activities of the country. The strength and soundness of the banking system primarily depends upon health of the advances. In other words, improvement in assets quality is fundamental to strengthening working of banks and improving their financial viability. Most domestic public sector banks in the country are expected to pletely wipeout their outstanding NPAs between 2020 and 20208. NPAs are an inevitable burden on the banking industry. Hence the success of a bank depends upon methods of managing NPAs and keeping them within tolerance level, of late, several institutional mechanisms have been developed in India to deal with NPAs and there has also been tightening of legal provisions. Perhaps more importantly, effective management of NPAs requires an appropriate internal checks and balances system in a bank9. In this background, this chapter is designed to give an outline of trends in NPAs in Indian banking industry vis224。 (1) Higher NPAs level in parison with global benchmark (2) RBI’ s stipulation about dividend distribution by the banks (3) Revised NPAs level and CAR norms (4) New Basel Capital Accord (Basel –II) revolution According to the study conducted by ICRA Limited, the gross NPAs as a proportion of total advances for Indian Banks was percent for financial year 2020 and percent for financial year 20201. The value of the gross NPAs as ratio for financial year 2020 for the global benchmark banks was as low as percent. Net NPAs as a proportion of advances of Indian banks was percent for financial year 2020 and percent for financial year 2020. As against this, the value of NPAs ratio for financial year 2020 for the global benchmark banks was percent. Further, it was found that, the total advances of the banking sector to the mercial and agricultural sectors stood at ,00,000 crore. Of this, ,000 crore, or percent of the total advances is bad and doubtful debt. The size of the NPA