【正文】 因此，一個性能優(yōu)越的產(chǎn)品誕生的同時，也伴隨著較高的風險。一個全新的設(shè)計，要求屏棄許多陳舊的，為人們所熟知的方法。另一方面，應(yīng)該認真精確的進行所有運算。因而，應(yīng)該認識到在一個特定的產(chǎn)品進行設(shè)計之前，必須先確定人們是否需要這種產(chǎn)品。在開始階段，設(shè)計人員必須就初步設(shè)計同管理人員進行交流和磋商，并得到批準。心理學家經(jīng)常談?wù)撊绾问谷藗冞m應(yīng)他們所操作的機器。一個小數(shù)點蘭州交通大學畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 9 的位置放錯，就可以導(dǎo)致一個本可以完成的項目失敗。對材料的特性必須事先作出仔細的評估。設(shè)計工程師不僅在工作上要有創(chuàng)造性，還必須在機械制圖、運動學、工程材料、材料力學和機械制造工藝學等方面具有深厚的基礎(chǔ)知識。 、螺桿等緊固件的設(shè)計，包括傳動螺桿和預(yù)緊固件。 、表面接觸應(yīng)力和表面疲勞現(xiàn)象。 、靜態(tài)和動態(tài)載荷分析，包括梁、振動和沖擊載荷。 缺少的組件。 。前六個規(guī)則對設(shè)計者來說特別適用。 在隨后生產(chǎn)和售后服務(wù)的幾年中，要接受新觀念的 變化，或者由試驗和經(jīng)驗為基礎(chǔ)，進一步分析并改進。 通過對上述五個問題的分析，可以得出這些問題是沒有充分理由而存在的結(jié)論。雖然每個工程學問題的內(nèi)容是獨特的，但是設(shè)計師可以按照類似的步驟來解決問題。 最后，以圖樣為設(shè)計的標準，并建立將來的模型。每一個至關(guān)重要的部分要優(yōu)化它的比例和尺寸，同時也要 保持與其它組成部分相協(xié)調(diào)。通常 ,還要提出幾套設(shè)計方案，然后加以比較。新的機器必需具有以前機器所能執(zhí)行的功能。術(shù)語中的“機械裝置設(shè)計” 的含義要比“機械設(shè)計”的含義更為廣泛一些，機械裝置設(shè)計包括機械設(shè)計。39。 of physical behavior of materials。蘭州交通大學畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 1 Mechanical Design Abstract A machine is a bination of mechanisms and other ponents which transforms, transmits. Examples are engines, turbines, vehicles, hoists, printing presses, washing machines, and movie cameras. Many of the principles and methods of design that apply to machines also apply to manufactured articles that are not true machines. The term mechanical design is used in a broader sense than machine design to include their design. the motion and structural aspects and the provisions for retention and enclosure are considerations in mechanical design. Applications occur in the field of mechanical engineering, and in other engineering fields as well, all of which require mechanical devices, such as switches, cams, valves, vessels, and mixers. Keywords Design Process Design Rules Mechine Design The Design Process Designing starts with a need apparatus may need improvements in durability, efficiency, weight, speed, or cost. New apparatus may be needed to perform a function previously done by men, such as putation, assembly, or servicing. With the objective wholly or partly. In the design preliminary stage, should allow to design the personnel fully to display the creativity, not each kind of restraint. Even if has had many impractical ideas, also can in the design early time, namely in front of the plan blueprint is corrected. Only then, only then does not send to stops up the innovation the mentality. Usually, must propose several sets of design proposals, then perform the parison. Has the possibility very much in the plan which finally designated, has used certain not in plan some ideas which accepts. When the general shape and a few dimensions of the several ponents bee apparent, analysis can begin in earnest. The analysis will have as its objective satisfactory or superior performance, plus safety and durability with minimum weight, and a petitive cost. Optimum proportions and dimensions will be sought for each critically loaded section, together with a balance between the strengths of the several ponents. Materials and their treatment will be chosen. These important objectives can be