外文翻譯機械設(shè)計理論-wenkub.com
2025-08-06 06:46 本頁面
【正文】 從以上的討論可以看出，選擇材料的人們應(yīng)該對材料的性質(zhì)，特點和加工方法有一個全面而基本的了解。在近年來的許多產(chǎn)品責(zé)任訴訟案件中，由于錯誤地使用產(chǎn)品而受到傷害的原告控告生產(chǎn)廠家，并且贏得判決）；(c)所使用的材料的數(shù)據(jù)不全或是有些數(shù)據(jù)不確定，尤其是當(dāng)其長期性能數(shù)據(jù)是如此的時候；(d)質(zhì)量控制方法不適當(dāng)和未經(jīng)驗證；(e)由一些完全不稱職的人員選擇材料。應(yīng)當(dāng)記住，新材料的性能和可靠性很少像現(xiàn)有材料那樣為人們所了解。在設(shè)計階段做好材料選擇工作，可以避免多數(shù)這樣的情況。 在生產(chǎn)設(shè)計階段中，與材料有關(guān)的主要問題是應(yīng)該把材料完全確定下來，使它們與現(xiàn)有的設(shè)備相適應(yīng)，能夠利用現(xiàn)有設(shè)備經(jīng)濟(jì)地進(jìn)行加工，而且材料的數(shù)量能夠比較容易保證供應(yīng)。這樣對公司是很有好處的。通常要制造出樣機或者實物模型，并對其進(jìn)行試驗，評價產(chǎn)品的功能、可靠性、外觀和維修保養(yǎng)性等。通常要設(shè)想和考慮幾個方案，然后決定這種思想是否可行；如果可行，則應(yīng)該對其中一個或幾個方案作進(jìn)一步的改進(jìn)。因此，為了能在合理的成本和確保質(zhì)量的前提下獲得滿意的結(jié)果，設(shè)計工程師的制造工程師都必須認(rèn)真仔細(xì)地選擇、確定和使用材料。為了減輕重量或者節(jié)約能源，可能會要求使用不同的材料。近些年來，工程材料的選擇已經(jīng)顯得重要。但是，工程上的更改必須要經(jīng)過設(shè)計人員批準(zhǔn)，以保證不會損傷產(chǎn)品的功能。但是， 產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計、制造和銷售只能在對上述問題的初步肯定答案的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行。另一個重要問題，設(shè)計工程師必須能夠同其他有關(guān)人員進(jìn)行交流和磋商。很有可能在最后選定的方案中，采用了某些未被接受的方案中的一些想法。在設(shè)計的初始階段，應(yīng)該允許設(shè)計人員充分發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造性，不受各種約束。例如，即使將一個小數(shù)點的位置放錯，也會使正確的設(shè)計變成錯誤的。應(yīng)當(dāng)把機械設(shè)計看成是機械設(shè)計人員運用創(chuàng)造性的才能進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品設(shè)計、系統(tǒng)分析和制定產(chǎn)品的制造工藝學(xué)的一個良機。設(shè)計工程師不僅在工作上要有創(chuàng)造性，還必須在機械制圖、運動學(xué)、工程材料、材料力學(xué)和機械制造工藝學(xué)等方面具有深厚的基礎(chǔ)知識。 (e) the personnel which pletely is not petent for the post by some chooses the material. Through to the above five questions analysis, may obtain these questions is does not have the sufficient reason existence the conclusion. May for avoid these questions to these questions research analyses the appearance indicating the direction. Although uses the best choice of material method not to be able to avoid having the product responsibility lawsuit, designs the personnel and the industry carries on the choice of material according to the suitable procedure, may greatly reduce the lawsuit the quantity. May see from the above discussion, when choose material, people should have prehensive and basic understanding of the material nature, the characteristic and its processing method.機械設(shè)計理論機械設(shè)計是一門通過設(shè)計新產(chǎn)品或者改進(jìn)老產(chǎn)品來滿足人類需求的應(yīng)用技術(shù)科學(xué)。 If no, whether has a bigger assurance all permits in the cost and the time in the limit develops one kind of new material.In the functional design and the engineering design stage, needs to make a practical feasible design. Must draw up the quite plete blueprint in this stage, chooses and determines each kind of ponents the material. Usually must make the prototype or the working model, and carries on the experiment to it, the appraisal product function, the reliability, the outward appearance and the service maintenance and so on. Although this kind of experiment possibly can indicate, enters in the product to the production base in front of, should replace certain materials, but, absolutely cannot this point take not earnestly chooses the material the excuse. Should unify the product the function, earnestly carefully considers the product the outward appearance, the cost and the reliability. Has the achievement very much the pany when manufacture all prototypes, selects the material should the material which uses with its production in be same, and uses the similar manufacture technology as far as possible. Like this has the advantage very much to the pany. The function plete prototype if cannot act according to the anticipated sales volume economically to make, or is prototypical
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