【正文】 上述諸種控制，可以是單一種也可不是單一的，可以幾種形式結(jié)合對(duì)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程實(shí)現(xiàn)控制。以上講到的最優(yōu)控制、自適應(yīng)控制和自學(xué)習(xí)控制都涉及到多參數(shù)、多變量的復(fù)雜控制系統(tǒng)，都屬于近代控制理論研究的問(wèn)題。假如在工作條件改變的情況下，仍然能的控制系統(tǒng)對(duì)受控對(duì)象的控制處于最佳狀態(tài)，這樣的控制系統(tǒng)稱(chēng)之為自適應(yīng)系統(tǒng)。如用計(jì)算機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)就是在現(xiàn)有的限定條件下，恰當(dāng)選擇控制規(guī)律 (數(shù)學(xué)模型 )，使受控對(duì)象運(yùn)行指標(biāo)處于最優(yōu)狀態(tài)。用微型計(jì)算機(jī)也可以實(shí)現(xiàn) PID 控制。如爐溫按著一定的時(shí)間曲線進(jìn)行控制就為程序控制。由于微型計(jì)算機(jī)的出現(xiàn)與迅速發(fā)展，為實(shí)現(xiàn)分散控制提供了物質(zhì)和技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，近年來(lái)分散控制得以異 乎平常的發(fā)展，且已成為計(jì)算機(jī)控制發(fā)展的重要趨勢(shì)。這一級(jí)可根據(jù)企業(yè)的規(guī)模和治理范圍的大小分成若干級(jí)。 車(chē)間治理的 MIS 主要功能是根據(jù)工廠級(jí)下達(dá)的生產(chǎn)品種、數(shù)量命令和搜集上來(lái)的生產(chǎn)過(guò)程的狀態(tài)的信息，隨時(shí)進(jìn) 行合理調(diào)度 ,實(shí)現(xiàn)最優(yōu)控制，指揮 SCC 級(jí)監(jiān)督控制。直接影響 SCC效果優(yōu)劣的首先是它的數(shù)學(xué)模型，為此要經(jīng)常在運(yùn)行過(guò)程中改進(jìn)數(shù)學(xué)模型，并相應(yīng)修改控制算法和應(yīng)用控制程序。一般情況下， DDC 級(jí)控制常作為更復(fù)雜的高級(jí)控制的執(zhí)行級(jí)。 DDC 控制的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是靈活性大，集中可靠性高和價(jià)格便宜。實(shí)際上受控的生產(chǎn)過(guò)程的控制部件，接受的控制信號(hào)可以通過(guò)控制機(jī)的過(guò)程輸入 /輸出通道中的數(shù) /模 (D/A)轉(zhuǎn)換器將計(jì)算機(jī)輸出的數(shù)字控制量中轉(zhuǎn)換成模擬量；輸入的模擬量也要經(jīng)控制機(jī)的過(guò)程輸入 /輸出通道的模 /數(shù) (A/D)8 轉(zhuǎn)換器轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字量進(jìn)入計(jì)算機(jī)。這種系統(tǒng)常使用完善的中斷系統(tǒng)和中斷處理程序來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。 實(shí)時(shí)控制系統(tǒng) 控制計(jì)算機(jī)實(shí)時(shí)控制系統(tǒng)是指受控制的對(duì)象或受控過(guò)程，每當(dāng)請(qǐng)求處理或請(qǐng)求控制時(shí)，控制機(jī)能及時(shí)處理并進(jìn)行控制的系統(tǒng)，常用在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程是間斷進(jìn)行的場(chǎng)合。 離線控制系統(tǒng) 控制計(jì)算機(jī)沒(méi)有直接參于控制對(duì)象或受控生產(chǎn)過(guò)程。 在這樣的系統(tǒng)中，控制部件按控制機(jī)發(fā)來(lái)的控制信息對(duì)運(yùn)行設(shè)備進(jìn)行控制，另一方面運(yùn)行設(shè)備的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)作為輸出，由檢測(cè)部件測(cè)出后 ,作為輸入反饋給控制計(jì)算機(jī)；從而使控制計(jì)算機(jī) \控制部件 \生產(chǎn)過(guò)程 \檢測(cè)部件構(gòu)成一個(gè)閉環(huán)回路。s control, such control system called the adaptive system. This requires mathematical model reflects the change in the conditions, how to achieve the best state. Control puter to detect changes in terms of the information given by the laws of mathematical models to calculate, to change the control variables, the controlled objects still in the best condition. 7, selflearning control system if the puter can keep the results under the controlled object gain experience running their own change and improve the control law so that more and better control effect, this control system is called selflearning control system. Above mentioned optimal control, adaptive control and selflearning control are related to multiparameter, multivariable plex control systems, are all problems of modern control theory. Determine the stability of the system, many factors affect the control of plex mathematical models, have to be a production control, production technology, automation, instrumentation, programming, puter hardware, each with various personnel to be realized. Controlled object by the length of reaction time required to control the number of points and mathematical models to determine the plexity of the puter use scale. Generally speaking, a strong need to functionality (speed and puting power) of the puter can be achieved. The Zhuzhong control, can be a single type also is not single, you can bine several forms to achieve control of the production process. This should address the actual situation of the controlled object, the system analysis, system design determined at the time. Keywords ： open the control,closed loop control7 控制系統(tǒng)的分類(lèi)有三種方法：以自動(dòng)控制方式分類(lèi)、以參于控制方式分類(lèi)、以調(diào)節(jié)規(guī)律分類(lèi)。 and if the process rolling, rolling out each piece of steel considered a process, each process is repeated. Only enter the process only requires a puter control. Once control of the puter, it requires a puter from the production process information in the required time to respond to or control. Such systems often use sophisticated interrupt system and interrupt handling procedures to achieve. In summary, an online system is not necessarily a realtime system. But a realtime system must be an online system. Second, in order to participate in the control mode to Category 1, direct digital control system by the control puter to replace conventional analog instruments and direct regulation to control the production process, as the puter as digital signals, so named after the DDC control. Actuall