【正文】 我們相信不會(huì)出現(xiàn) “機(jī)器人上崗，工人下崗 ”的局面，因?yàn)槿藗冸S著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，實(shí)際上把人們從繁重的體力和危險(xiǎn)的環(huán)境中解放出來，使人們有更好的崗位去工作，去創(chuàng)造更好的精神財(cái)富和文化財(cái)富。 我們?cè)诳臻g機(jī)器人研究這塊也有很大的發(fā)展。如果人手術(shù)的時(shí)候，醫(yī)生來手術(shù)，一個(gè)是疲勞，另一個(gè)人手操作的精度還是有限的。 第二類是服務(wù)機(jī)器人，隨著工業(yè) 化的發(fā)展，尤其近十年以來，機(jī)器人的發(fā)展的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域在不斷拓寬，目前一個(gè)很重要的特征，大家都知道，機(jī)器人已經(jīng)從制造業(yè)逐漸轉(zhuǎn)向了非制造業(yè)和服務(wù)行業(yè)，剛才談的汽車制造屬于是制造業(yè)，但服務(wù)行業(yè)包括清潔、加油、救護(hù)、搶險(xiǎn)、救災(zāi)這些等等，都屬于非制造行業(yè)和服務(wù)行業(yè)，那么這里邊跟工業(yè)機(jī)器人相比，它有一個(gè)很重要的不同，它主要是一個(gè)移動(dòng)平臺(tái)，它能夠移動(dòng)、去運(yùn)動(dòng)，上面有一些手臂進(jìn)行操作，同時(shí)還裝有一些像力覺傳感器和視覺傳感器、超聲測(cè)距傳感器等等。到目前為止，工業(yè)機(jī)器人是最成熟，應(yīng)用最廣泛的一類機(jī)器人，世界總量目前已經(jīng)銷售 110 萬臺(tái)，這是 1999年的統(tǒng)計(jì)，但這 110萬臺(tái)在已經(jīng)進(jìn)行裝備使用的是 75萬臺(tái)，這個(gè)量也是不小的。由于我們國家存在很多其 他的各種因素、問題。 機(jī)器人有三個(gè)發(fā)展階段，那么也就是說，我們習(xí)慣于把機(jī)器人分成三類，一種是第一代機(jī)器人，那么也叫示教再現(xiàn)型機(jī)器人，它是通過一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)，來控制一個(gè)多自由度的一個(gè)機(jī)械，通過示教存儲(chǔ)程序和信息，工作時(shí)把信息讀取出來，然后發(fā)出指令，這樣的話機(jī)器人可以重復(fù)的根據(jù)人當(dāng)時(shí)示教的結(jié)果，再現(xiàn)出這種動(dòng)作，比方說汽車的點(diǎn)焊機(jī)器人，它只要把這個(gè)點(diǎn)焊的過程示教完以后，它總是重復(fù)這樣一種工作，它對(duì)于外界的環(huán)境沒有感知，這個(gè)力操作力的大小，這個(gè)工件存在不存在，焊的好與壞，它并不知道，那么實(shí)際上這種從 第一代機(jī)器人，也就存在它這種缺陷，因此，在 20世紀(jì) 70年代后期，人們開始研究第二代機(jī)器人，叫帶感覺的機(jī)器人，這種帶感覺的機(jī)器人是類似人在某種功能的感覺，比如說力覺、觸覺、滑覺、視覺、聽覺和人進(jìn)行相類比，有了各種各樣的感覺，比方說在機(jī)器人抓一個(gè)物體的時(shí)候，它實(shí)際上力的大小能感覺出來，它能夠通過視覺，能夠去感受和識(shí)別它的形狀、大小、顏色。s righthand man。s total sales of million Taiwan, which is the 1999 statistics, however, million in Taiwan have been using the equipment is 75 million, this volume is not small. Overall, the Japanese industrial robots in this one, is the first of the robots to bee the Kingdom, the United States have developed rapidly. Newly installed in several areas of Taiwan, which already exceeds Japan, China has only just begun to enter the stage of industrialization, has developed a variety of industrial robot prototype and small batch has been used in production. Spot welding robot is the auto production line, improve production efficiency and raise the quality of welding car, reduce the labor intensity of a robot. It is characterized by two pairs of robots for spot welding of steel plate, bearing a great need for the welding tongs, general in dozens of kilograms or more, then its speed in meters per second a 52 meter of such highspeed movement. So it is generally five to six degrees of freedom, load 30 to 120 kilograms, the great space, probably expected that the work of a spherical space, a high velocity, the concept of freedom, that is to say, Movement is relatively independent of the number of ponents, the equivalent of our body, waist is a rotary degree of freedom We have to be able to hold his arm, Arm can be bent, then this three degrees of freedom, Meanwhile there is a wrist posture adjustment to the use of the three autonomy, the general robot has six degrees of freedom. We will be able to space the three locations, three postures, the robot fully achieved, and of course we have less than six degrees of freedom. Have more than six degrees of freedom robot, in different occasions the need to configure. The second category of service robots, with the development of industrialization, especially in the past decade, Robot development in the areas of application are continuously expanding, and now a very important characteristic, as we all know, Robot has gradually shifted from manufacturing to nonmanufacturing and service industries, we are talking about the car manufacturer belonging to the manufacturing industry, However, the services sector including cleaning, refueling, rescue, rescue, relief, etc. These belong to the nonmanufacturing industries and service industries, so here is pared with the industrial robot, it is a very important difference. It is primarily a mobile platform, it can move to sports, there are some arms operate, also installed some as a force sensor and visual sensors, ultrasonic ranging sensors, etc. It’s surrounding environment for the conduct of identification, to determine its campaign to plete some work, this is service robot’s one of the basic characteristics.