【正文】 先給刀具都附上一把裹示該刀具號的編碼鑰匙，當把各刀具存放到刀庫的刀座中時，這樣就把鑰匙的號碼轉(zhuǎn)記道刀座中，將編碼鑰匙插進到座旁邊的鑰匙孔中給刀座編上了號碼。換刀時刀庫旋轉(zhuǎn)，使每個刀座位依次經(jīng)過識刀器，找到刀座，刀庫便停止旋轉(zhuǎn)。例如有六個大小直徑的圓環(huán)便可組成能區(qū)別63 ( 261=63)種刀具的編碼。編碼主要有以下三種。當?shù)毒叽a與CNC指令代碼相符時該刀具被選中刀庫旋轉(zhuǎn)將刀具送到換刀位置，等待機械手來抓取。必須增加刀具的數(shù)量和刀庫的容量，降低了刀具和刀庫的利用率。自動選刀有兩種方法:順序選刀和隨機選刀方法。帶刀庫的自動換刀系統(tǒng)適用于數(shù)控鉆削中心和加工中心。 由于前兩種換刀裝置容納的刀具數(shù)量有限不能太多，不能滿足復(fù)雜零件的加工需要，所以自動換刀數(shù)控機床多采用帶刀庫的自動換刀裝置。帶刀庫的換刀裝置由刀庫、選刀機構(gòu)、刀具自動裝卸機械及刀具交換機構(gòu)(機械手)等四部分組成，應(yīng)用廣泛。因其換刀時間大部分和加工時間重合，真正換刀時間只需轉(zhuǎn)塔頭轉(zhuǎn)位的時間，這種換刀方式主要用于數(shù)控鉆床和數(shù)控銼床等。近年來出現(xiàn)了一種用機械手和轉(zhuǎn)塔頭配合刀庫進行換刀的自動換刀裝置?！盎剞D(zhuǎn)式換刀裝置既可用于臥式機床，也可用于立式機床。刀夾錐面上有切屑會造成換刀誤差，甚至有損壞刀夾與主軸的可能。接下來，換刀裝置將要換上的刀具與卸下的刀具分別裝入主軸和刀具庫:最后，換刀裝置轉(zhuǎn)回原“待命”位置。拉桿從主軸刀具上卸掉，換刀裝置將刀具從各自的位置上取下。在自動回轉(zhuǎn)刀架中最簡單的換刀裝置是180186。,特點和適用范圍自動回轉(zhuǎn)刀架是數(shù)控機床上使用的一種簡單的自動換刀裝置，有四方刀架和六角刀架等多種形式，回轉(zhuǎn)刀架上分別安裝有四把、六把或更多的刀具，并按數(shù)控指令進行換刀。這種方式需要足夠的液壓動力和電磁閥刀庫旋轉(zhuǎn)速度可通過節(jié)流閥調(diào)整。在梯形圖中根據(jù)指令的T碼進行運算比較后輸出角度和速度指令到刀庫伺服驅(qū)動刀庫伺服電機。刀庫上裝有位置檢測裝置，可獲得每個刀套的位置。刀具編碼或刀套編碼需要在刀具或刀套上安裝用于識別的編碼條，一般都是根據(jù)二進制編碼的原理進行編碼。(1)順序選擇將刀具按加工工序的順序，依次放入刀庫的每一個刀座內(nèi)。組合刀庫一般是轉(zhuǎn)塔式刀庫的組合、轉(zhuǎn)塔式與盤式刀庫的組合及鏈式刀庫的組合。(3)鏈式刀庫 包括單環(huán)鏈和多環(huán)鏈，鏈環(huán)形式可有多種變化，)~c)，基本結(jié)構(gòu)見圖2. 8do特點:適用于刀庫容量較大的場合，所占的空間小，一般適用于刀具數(shù)在30120把。若增加刀庫容量必須使刀庫的外徑增大,那么轉(zhuǎn)動慣量也相應(yīng)增大,選刀運動時間長。刀庫的作用是儲備一定數(shù)量的刀具，機械手實現(xiàn)主軸上刀具的互換}zs}a刀具的類型有盤式刀庫、鏈式刀庫等多種形式，刀庫的形式和容量要根據(jù)機床的工藝范圍來確定。2)控制方式　該系統(tǒng)分為手動和自動控制2 種控制方式, 手動控制一般作為調(diào)試用和備用的工作方式。位置控制主要是對貨架位置和地址進行檢測。為加強管理, 保證安全, 美化造型, 貨架外圍加防護罩。調(diào)節(jié)時上、下鏈條松度調(diào)節(jié)一致, 使鏈條受力均勻。采用錐形制動電機, 帶變頻調(diào)速, 經(jīng)擺線針輪減速器, 通過鏈輪傳動。整個系統(tǒng)包括機械結(jié)構(gòu)及電氣控制系統(tǒng)。整個系統(tǒng)采用圖形界面, 人機對話由中文菜單提示, 可實現(xiàn)各種功能選擇和各種信息的輸入。刀具及其元件庫存是現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)管理中的重要環(huán)節(jié), 特別是大型車間管理。在刀庫自動選刀方面，在計算機記憶式選刀的基礎(chǔ)上采用了西門子840D特色功能，使選刀程序更簡潔，并完成空刀套的查找。, ATC pleted. ATC most of their time and processing time coincidence, the only real tool change time turret transposition of the first time, this approach mainly used for ATC and NC NC drilling file bed.2. system for the automatic tool changeFigure shows the knife and the whole machine tool CNC machine tools for the appearance of Fig. rotary tool spindle and the tool and tool away。 (3) the knife from AC asynchronous motor driven cam mechanism (Markov institutions), with proximity switches count, which means stable operation, and generally accurate and reliable positioning cam used in conjunction with a mechanical hand, ATC fastpositioning.2. ATC, the main types, characteristics, and the scope of application Auto Rotary ToolRotary Tool automatically on the use of CNC machine tool is a simple installation of automatic tool change, the Quartet and Turret Tool various forms, such as rotary turret were installed on four, six or more of the Tool , NC instructions by ATC. Rotary Tool has two vertical and horizontal, relatively simple structure, applicable to economic CNC lathe. Rotary Tool in the structure must have good strength and stiffness, resistance to bear rough Cutting Tool in the cutting force and reduce the role of deformation and improve processing accuracy. Rotating Tool to choose reliable positioning programme structure and reasonable position, in order to ensure that each rotary turret to a higher position after repeated positioning accuracy (typically to ). Figure shows the spiral movements of the Quartet Turret.Auto Rotary Tool in the simplest of ATC, is 180 186。 ways to the system control puter (IPC) and the control unit (inverter contactor , etc.) consisting of a control system. 3) location and positioning accuracy of the system automatically identify the site and location using a detection device as proximity switches, relays through the platepoint isolation and the number plate recorded close to the switching signal acquisition and operation of Hutchison with a Optimal Path addressable identify the current location and shelves of the purpose of the shelf location. In order to enable a more accurate positioning system, adopted two photoelectric switches, to detect the two shelves of the two films. functions of the knifeknife The is the role of reserves a certain number of tools, machine tool spindle in hand to achieve the fungibility a disc cutter knife is the type of library, the chain knives, and other means, in the form of the knife and capacity according to the Machine Tool to determine the scope of the process. typesThe knife is a tool storage devices, the mon knife mainly in the following forms: (1) the turret knife Including the first level turret vertical turret and the first two, see Figure a) and b):(2) the disc cutter Disc knife in the library with discoid knife, cutting tool along See how vertical arrangement (including radial and axial from knife from knife), along See how radial array into acute or arranged in the form of the knife. Simple, pact, more applications, but are ringcutter, low utilization of space. Figure a) to c). If the knife storage capacity must be increased to increase the diameter of the knife, then the moment of inertia also increased correspondingly, the election campaign long knife. Tool number not more than 32 general. Cutter was multiloop order of the space utilization knife, but inevitably given the knife from plex institutions, applicable to the restricted space Machine Tool storage capacity and more occasions. Twodisc structure is two smaller capacity knife on both sides of the subspindle place, more pact layout, the number of certificates corresponding increase knife, apply to small and mediumsized proce