【正文】 learned39。 The model for sustainable munities has now been reiterated in a number of government guidance and policy documents (ODPM 2021a and b, DEFRA, 2021, CLG, 2021), much material in these has been drawn from some key academic and practitionerproduced research and guidance on sustainable settlement design and planning. The prescription is now quite precise in terms of both the physical form of the new munity and how it is supposed to function. In physical terms, new munities, whether pletely new or in regeneration areas, are to be developed to a particular urban design and planning philosophy. This calls for high density (40+) dph, pact development, with flats and terraced housing types favored over detached houses. Where possible, brownfield sites are preferred over greenfield. The 39 layouts are to be well connected。 ? The right links with the wider regional, national and international munity. (Quote taken from ODPM, 2021, ) These requirements can be contrasted with the conceptualization of an 39。 ? a well integrated mix of decent homes of different types and tenures to support a range of household sizes, ages and ines。 ? a safe and healthy local environment with welldesigned public and green space。Places where people want to live and will continue to want to live39。 the government has a very specific view that munities are keys to the localized success of both their housing growth and regeneration programmes. 39。 munities in ways that are sensitive to local and wider environmental conditions, and in ways that encourage local (and many would argue national) economic prosperity. The programme is concerned that the aspirations for new munities have long time horizons and are not 39。 and 39。, and hence to 39。38 billion spending plan, and has put significant energy into changing the planning system and delivery agencies to ensure that it is successful. Part 3. What is a 39。. However, a problem that the Government faces is that demand for new housing is not spread evenly across the country. There are areas of very high demand, largely in the South and around London (where household formation is outstripping housing supply) and areas of low demand where provision is matching, or in some cases exceeding, rates of household formation. The Government’s approach to this problem is a twopronged strategy of developing large numbers of dwellings in targeted ‘Growth Areas’ (Thames Gateway, Milton Keynes/South Midlands, Ashford and LondonStanstedCambridge) and regenerating declining areas to stimulate demand (via nine ‘Market Renewal Areas’ in Northern cities). In both the ‘Growth Areas’ and the ‘Market Renewal Areas39。. This is a particular problem for ‘key workers’ (public sector workers such as teachers, nurses and policemen and women) and other lower paid workers who are vital for the success of local economies. In reality, the majority of new households formed every year are not able to afford market prices for homes and require some assistance to gain access to housing. The Government has responded to these conditions (and to other influencing factors that are set out below) with a shift in emphasis in housing policy. Since the late 1990s, it has moved away from a preoccupation with ‘hard’ housing targets to a clearly stated desire to meet housing demand though the development of ‘sustainable munities’. This objective is set out in full in the ‘Sustainable Communities Programme’ (SCP), launched in 2021 (ODPM, 2021). Hence, all 39。 and 39。 espoused by groups with radical ideological approaches to munity living. However, given that Governments39。 practice as the lead narrative, but draws on more theoretical literature to contextualize and criticize what is happening 39。 附件 2：外文原文 New and Sustainable Communities in the UK Professor Katie Williams, Director of the Centre for Environment and Planning, University of the West of England, Bristol UK China parative study on housing provision to low ine residents Why ‘sustainable munities 39。他們也應(yīng)該有強(qiáng)有力的地方領(lǐng)導(dǎo) ，使 當(dāng)?shù)厝罕娪袡C(jī)會參與決策。 從 社會 層面講 ， 這些 社區(qū)是混 合并很好的融合的 。這樣可以確保這些珍貴資源的謹(jǐn)慎利用 （包括水，電，煤氣等 ）。不同大小和類型的房子都將在整個發(fā)展 過程中 穿插 ，從而提供 多樣性，“掩蓋”所有權(quán)的不同 。如有可能， 與綠色區(qū)域相比，首選污染區(qū)域 。依賴 轎車， 缺乏 公共交通 生活質(zhì)量 低生活質(zhì)量；