【正文】 processing, one of the measures applied nc machining technology can improve the processing quality and productivity, solve several ordinary mechanical processing not settled by the processing technical problems, and greatly reduce processing cost, improve the overall economic benefit, but also can greatly improve labor conditions, enhances the quality of machine tool CNC based on digital form a realization of automatic processing control technologies, the door of digital and text coded instructions, recorded in control the way through puter medium, and dealing with various action of machine, after the order of displacement and speed the realization of automatic machining process is to realize the product design, assure product quality, to save energy and reduce consumption is the important means of enterprise production preparation, plan scheduling, processing operations, the safety in production, technology detection and improve labor organization, also be the important basis on the variety, quality of enterprise, on level, accelerate update products, improving economic efficiency technology preparation is direct guidance products or parts manufacturing process and operating method of the process documents, he directly to enterprise39。s product quality, efficiency, petition ability play an important industry is the armaments department sectors of the nationaleconomy，nationaleconomicsectorsof manufacturing technology level and economic benefits, to a great extent, depends on machinery industry can provide equipment technical performance, quality and reliability, therefore, machinery industry technology level and scale is the measure of a country39。s scientific and technological level and economic strength important recent years, all countries in the world to promote industrial petitiveness and development technology, preempted future economic manding heights as technology development put forward higher request, especially the manufacturing technology more get the , we must promote machinery industry, has bee a pillar industry of the national determine machinery industry in the national economy, but also the important position to put forward higher requirement of mechanical : parts manufacturing technology。The knife point manual programming。Automatic programming machine coordinate system。目錄第一章 數(shù)控機(jī)床的產(chǎn)生發(fā)展與策略 第二章 數(shù)控加工的基本概念 基本概念............................................................................................................................8 ..............................................................................................................................8 ..............................................................................................................................9 ........................................................................................................9 .................................................................................................11 .................................................................................................11 .................................................................................................12 ......................................................................................................13 ........................................................................................................13 .............................................................................................................14 第三章 圖由與編程（1）..............................................................................................................15 工藝分析..................................................................................................................15 第四章 數(shù)控銑削加工工藝 零件圖樣的工藝分析.................................................................................................19 加工方法選擇及加工方案的確定......................................................................21 修改程序和刀補(bǔ)控制尺寸..................................................................................21 .............................................................................................22 ..........................................................................................................22 第五章 機(jī)床簡(jiǎn)單故障排除方法與簡(jiǎn)單維修中的注意事項(xiàng) 結(jié)語(yǔ) 致謝 參考文獻(xiàn)第一章 數(shù)控機(jī)床的產(chǎn)生發(fā)展與策略在機(jī)械制造工業(yè)中并不是所有的產(chǎn)品零件都具有很大的批量，單件與小批量生產(chǎn)的零件（批量在10～100件）約占機(jī)械加工總量的80%以上。尤其是在造船、航天、航空、機(jī)床、重型機(jī)械以及國(guó)防工業(yè)更是如此。為了滿足多品種，小批量的自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)，迫切需要一種靈活的，通用的，能夠適用產(chǎn)品頻繁變化的柔性自動(dòng)化機(jī)床。數(shù)控機(jī)床就是在這樣的背景下誕生與發(fā)展起來(lái)的。它為單件、小批量生產(chǎn)的精密復(fù)雜零件提供了自動(dòng)化的加工手段。根據(jù)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ＧＢ／Ｔ８１２９－１９９７，對(duì)機(jī)床數(shù)字控制的定義：用數(shù)字控制的裝置（簡(jiǎn)稱數(shù)控裝置），在運(yùn)行過(guò)程中，不斷地引入數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)，從而對(duì)某一生產(chǎn)過(guò)程實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)控制，叫數(shù)字控制，簡(jiǎn)稱數(shù)控。用計(jì)算機(jī)控制加工功能，稱計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控（puterized numerical，縮寫(xiě)ＣＮＣ）。數(shù)控機(jī)床即使采用了數(shù)控技術(shù)的機(jī)床，或者說(shuō)裝備了數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的機(jī)床。從應(yīng)用來(lái)說(shuō)，數(shù)控機(jī)床就是將加工過(guò)程所需的各種操作（如主軸變速、松加工件、進(jìn)刀與退刀、開(kāi)車與停車、選擇刀具、供給切削液等）和步驟，以及刀具與工件之間的相對(duì)位移量都用數(shù)字化的代碼來(lái)表示，通過(guò)控制介質(zhì)將數(shù)字信息送入專用的或通用的計(jì)算機(jī)，計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)輸入的信息進(jìn)行處理與運(yùn)算，發(fā)出各種指令來(lái)控制機(jī)床的伺服系統(tǒng)或其他執(zhí)行元件，是機(jī)床自動(dòng)加工出所需要的零件。從我國(guó)基本國(guó)情的角度出發(fā)，以國(guó)家的戰(zhàn)略需求和國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的市場(chǎng)需求為導(dǎo)向，以提高我國(guó)制造裝備業(yè)綜合競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力和產(chǎn)業(yè)化水平為目標(biāo)，用系統(tǒng)的方法，選擇能夠主導(dǎo)21世紀(jì)初期我國(guó)制造裝備業(yè)發(fā)展升級(jí)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)以及支持產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展的支撐技術(shù)、配套技術(shù)作為研究開(kāi)發(fā)的內(nèi)容，實(shí)現(xiàn)制造裝備業(yè)的跨躍式發(fā)展。強(qiáng)調(diào)市場(chǎng)需求為導(dǎo)向，即以數(shù)控終端產(chǎn)品為主，以整機(jī)（如量大面廣的數(shù)控車床、銑床、高速高精高性能數(shù)控機(jī)床、典型數(shù)字化機(jī)械、重點(diǎn)行業(yè)關(guān)鍵設(shè)備等）帶動(dòng)數(shù)控產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。重點(diǎn)解決數(shù)控系統(tǒng)和相關(guān)功能部件（數(shù)字化伺服系統(tǒng)與電機(jī)、高速電主軸系統(tǒng)和新型裝備的附件等）的可靠性和生產(chǎn)規(guī)模問(wèn)題。沒(méi)有規(guī)模就不會(huì)有高可靠性的產(chǎn)品；沒(méi)有規(guī)模就不會(huì)有價(jià)格低廉而富有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的產(chǎn)品；當(dāng)然，沒(méi)有規(guī)模中國(guó)的數(shù)控裝備最終難以有出頭之日。在高精尖裝備研發(fā)方面，要強(qiáng)調(diào)產(chǎn)、學(xué)、研以及最終用戶的緊密結(jié)合，以“做得出、用得上、賣(mài)得掉”為目標(biāo)，按國(guó)家意志實(shí)施攻關(guān)，以解決國(guó)家之急需。在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)前數(shù)控技術(shù)方面，強(qiáng)調(diào)創(chuàng)新，強(qiáng)調(diào)研究開(kāi)發(fā)具有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品，為我國(guó)數(shù)控產(chǎn)業(yè)、裝備制造業(yè)乃至整個(gè)制造業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展奠定基礎(chǔ)。第二章 數(shù)控加工的基本概念 基本概念數(shù)控編程是數(shù)控加工準(zhǔn)備階段的主要內(nèi)容，通常包括分析零件圖樣，確定加工工藝過(guò)程；計(jì)算走刀軌跡，得出刀位數(shù)據(jù)；編寫(xiě)數(shù)控加工程序；制作控制介質(zhì)；校對(duì)程序及首件試切?？傊?它是從零件圖紙到獲得數(shù)控加工程序的全過(guò)程。常用方法手工編程是指編程的各個(gè)階段均由人工完成。利用一般的計(jì)算工具，通過(guò)各種數(shù)學(xué)方法，人工進(jìn)行刀具軌跡的運(yùn)算，并進(jìn)行指令編制。這種方式比較簡(jiǎn)單，很容易掌握，適應(yīng)性較大。適用于中等復(fù)雜程度程序、計(jì)算量不大的零件編程，對(duì)機(jī)床操作人員來(lái)講必須掌握。人工完成零件加工的數(shù)控工藝分析零件圖紙制定工藝決策確定加工路線選擇工藝參數(shù)計(jì)算刀位軌跡坐標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)編寫(xiě)數(shù)控加工程序單驗(yàn)證程序主要用于點(diǎn)位加工（如鉆、鉸孔）或幾何形狀簡(jiǎn)單（如平面、方形槽）零件的加工，計(jì)算量小，程序段數(shù)有限，編程直觀易于實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況等。對(duì)于具有空間自由曲面、復(fù)雜型腔的零件，刀具軌跡數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算相當(dāng)繁瑣，工作量大，極易出錯(cuò)，且很難校對(duì)，有些甚至根本無(wú)法完成。對(duì)于幾何形狀復(fù)雜的零件需借助計(jì)算機(jī)使用規(guī)定的數(shù)控語(yǔ)言編寫(xiě)零件源程序，經(jīng)過(guò)處理后生成加工程序，稱為自動(dòng)編程。隨著數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展，先進(jìn)的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)不僅向用戶編程提供了一般的準(zhǔn)備功能和輔助功能，而且為編程提供了擴(kuò)展數(shù)控功能的手段。FANUC6M數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的參數(shù)編程，應(yīng)用靈活，形式自由，具備計(jì)算機(jī)高級(jí)語(yǔ)言的表達(dá)式、邏輯運(yùn)算及類似的程序流程，使加工程序簡(jiǎn)練易懂，實(shí)現(xiàn)普通編程難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能。