【正文】 seholds (usually a single, widowed, divorced) adult ,5660 less laboryearold woman only half as labor, women access to land to an average of less than men. Women39。s per capita area of 2223 m2, men per capita area of 2799 m2, women significantly lower than men. 2. Warrants the use of land Land use warrants to be seen as the only farmers land use rights of legal documents. 1993 Land Law provisions of the second apter, a stable land users should have the power to the institutions of land use permits. Although the required land use permits in the allocation of land to farmers on when, in fact, due to poor law enforcement, the lack of investigation and drawing funds, resulting in land distribution sector can not have enough land, land use rights of slow, farmers may Arable land for a period of time after the receipt of land use certificates. By 1995, only 1 / 3 of agricultural products access to land use permits. This ratio varies with different areas, the minimum is the center of Linhai, a total of percent of farmers received land use certificates, followed by the Red River delta region. Landlocked and the North Island region of the Mekong three fastest, reaing percent and percent. By the end of 1999, a total of 450,000 land certificates, about 91 percent of farmers received land certificates, 94 percent of the land has been allocated out. Legal provisions of land use warrants for the whole family, family members of the land have equal rights and obligations, but in the Land of the legal text, the only heads of household registered in the name, usually the husband39。s name, the name of his wife and did not register In land use in the C of E. Her husband in the work of state organs, or the death of her husband and other circumstances in mind on his wife39。s name. Not to register the names of his wife, the husband makes the transfer of land by the time their spouses may not agree with divorce, the husband do not agree to partition of land use rights, land use because the warrants are registered on the name of her husband, women are often in the separation or divorce , Who have lost their land rights. Vietnamese government is considering to recole the two sides issued in the name of land use warrants. In order to plan the project, the Government has recently launed a total of total ownership registration system for the pilot project. This huge and expensive project makes some families in the past decade received the first landuse warrants. 2002 JanuaryJune, 2062 were reawarded to two coles registered in the name of the land use warrants. July 1993 through the land law provides farmers with the land use rights transactions, transfer, lease, mortgage and inheritance rights. Farmers can be mutual exange of land by the subfragmented, so that as mu as possible on land. Farmers through lease or purase of land use rights of way on the mercialization of agricultural land in the operation, that is, manorstyle agricultural production. Vietnam rural areas have emerged around a certain scale of the manor (similar to China39。s Zhuanye Hu or big business), to the area from several dozens of hectares of hectares of range. To Mar 2001, a total of 60,758 Vietnamese Manor, the largest lOOhm2 to the scale of this policy to promote the land on the one hand, largescale agricultural production and mercialization, on the other hand the emergence of new nonresidents. Households headed by women is particularly prominent (usually women in the single, widowed, her husband no capacity of circumstances is the head of household), this little family of adults, ildren, the landless, life is very difficult, in land productivity Can not sport the whole family life circumstances forced to gradually sell off land use rights.中文譯文:越南土地政策概述性為戶主的家庭(通常是單身、喪偶、離婚)勞動(dòng)力較少5660歲的性只能當(dāng)作半個(gè)勞動(dòng)力所以性平均獲得土地要少于性。性的人均面積為2223m2性人均面積為2799m2性明顯低于性。 　　 　　 土地使用權(quán)證被看作惟一的賦予農(nóng)民土地使用權(quán)的法律。1993年土地法第二章節(jié)規(guī)定穩(wěn)定的土地使用者要由有該項(xiàng)權(quán)利的機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)給土地使用證。盡按規(guī)定土地使用證在土地分配時(shí)就當(dāng)發(fā)給農(nóng)戶但上由于執(zhí)法不力、缺乏調(diào)查與繪圖資金導(dǎo)致土地分配部門(mén)不能掌握足夠的土地資料土地使用權(quán)發(fā)放緩慢農(nóng)戶可能在耕種土地一段時(shí)間后才收到土地使用證。到1995年僅有1／3的農(nóng)產(chǎn)獲得土地使用證。到1999年底總共發(fā)放了45萬(wàn)個(gè)土地證書(shū)約91的農(nóng)戶拿到土地證94的土地已經(jīng)分配出去。 　　 法律規(guī)定土地使用權(quán)證給予整個(gè)家庭家庭成員對(duì)土地都有平等的權(quán)利和義務(wù)但是在土地的法律文本中只以家庭戶主的名義登記通常是丈夫的名字妻子的名字并沒(méi)有登記在土地使用權(quán)證中。丈夫在工作、或者丈夫去世等情況下才記上妻子的名字。不登記妻子的使得丈夫在轉(zhuǎn)讓土地的時(shí)候可能不通過(guò)配偶同意；離婚時(shí)丈夫不同意分割土地使用權(quán)因?yàn)橥恋厥褂脵?quán)證上登記的是丈夫的名字婦往往在分居或者離婚的時(shí)候失去土地權(quán)利。越南正在考慮以夫婦雙方的名義重新頒發(fā)土地使用權(quán)證。為了規(guī)劃這個(gè)工程最近啟動(dòng)了一項(xiàng)共有權(quán)屬共有人登記制的試點(diǎn)工程。這項(xiàng)龐大而昂貴的工程使得有的家庭在過(guò)去十年中第一次拿到土地使用權(quán)證。2002年1—6月重新頒發(fā)了2062份以夫婦雙方名義登記的土地使用權(quán)證。 　　 1993年7月通過(guò)的?土地法?規(guī)定農(nóng)戶對(duì)土地使用權(quán)有交易、轉(zhuǎn)讓、出租、繼承和抵押權(quán)。農(nóng)戶可互相交換所分零散土地使土地盡可能集中。農(nóng)戶通過(guò)租賃或購(gòu)置土地使用權(quán)的方式集中土地從事農(nóng)業(yè)商品化經(jīng)營(yíng)即莊園式的農(nóng)業(yè)消費(fèi)。越南農(nóng)村各地都出現(xiàn)了有一定經(jīng)營(yíng)規(guī)模的莊園(類(lèi)似中國(guó)的專(zhuān)業(yè)戶或經(jīng)營(yíng)大戶)面積從幾公頃到幾十公頃不等。到2001年3月越南共有60758個(gè)莊園的可達(dá)lOOhm2的規(guī)模這項(xiàng)政策一方面促進(jìn)了土地集中、農(nóng)業(yè)消費(fèi)規(guī)?；c商品化另一方面也出現(xiàn)了新的無(wú)地居民。婦為戶主的家庭尤為突出(通常婦在單身、喪偶、丈夫沒(méi)有行為才能的情況下才是戶主)這種家庭成年人少孩子多所分土地少生活非常困難在土地產(chǎn)出不能支撐整個(gè)家庭生活的情況下被迫逐步賣(mài)掉土地使用權(quán)。內(nèi)容總結(jié)（1）畢 業(yè) 文
題 目：農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)
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