【正文】 read a ，他開始看雜志。（= When he had seated himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.）1． 表示時間的ing形式作“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”Everyone being ready, the teacher began his ，老師開始上課。（相當于一個時間狀語從句When everyone was ready)The chairman began the meeting , everyone being ，主席開始開會。（相當于一個時間狀語從句after everyone was seated）2． 表示原因的ing形式作“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange ，我們沒有困難就找到了那奇怪的洞。（相當于一個原因狀語從句Because the boy led the way）Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit ，他感到有點兒緊張。（相當于一個原因狀語從句As many eyes were watching him）必背：含有being的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。It being National Day today，the streets are very ,街上很擁擠。= As it is National Day today, the streets are very being no further business to discuss, we all went ，我們都回家了。= As there was no further business to discuss, we all went ． 表示條件的ing形式作“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”Time permitting, we will have a piic next ，我們下星期將進行一次野炊。（相當于一個條件狀語從句If time permits)My health allowing, I will work far into the ，我愿工作到深夜。（相當于一個條件狀語從句If my health allows）4． 表示方式的ing形式作“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his ，每個人胸前都帶著一張卡。（相當于一個并列分句and each wears a card in front of his chest）The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the ，眼睛看著天空。（相當于一個并列分句and his eyes were looking at the sky）C．ed形式“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”與邏輯主語+動詞的ing形式一樣，如果ed形式的邏輯主語和句子的主語不一致的話，就需要用ed形式的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read ，英語初學者也能看懂。= As the book was written in simple English，English beginners were able to read workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly ，他們工作得更起勁了。= As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the ，眼睛緊盯著黑板。= He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the task pleted, he had two months39。 ，他休了兩個月的假。（=When the task had been pleted, he had two months39。 leave.）比較：動詞不定式表示動作沒有發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生，動詞ed形式表示動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束，動詞ing形式往往表示動作正在進行。The manager looks worried，many things to , 有這么多的事情要處理。（事情還沒有處理，而且是由經(jīng)理本人來處理，用不定式to settle）The manager looks relaxed, many things ，經(jīng)理看上去很輕松。（事情已經(jīng)處理好了，用動詞ed形式settled表示動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束）The food being cooked, the boy was watching ，一邊看電視。（兩個動作同時進行）The food cooked, the boy went to ，小孩去睡了。（兩個動作有先后，飯已做好，小孩才去睡覺的八、with、without 引導的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)介詞with/without +賓語+賓語的補足語可以構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，上面討論過的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的幾種情況在此結(jié)構(gòu)中都能體現(xiàn)。A． with+名詞代詞+形容詞He doesn’t like to sleep with the windows 。= He doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are stood in the rain, with his clothes ，衣服濕透了。= He stood in the rain, and his clothes were ：在“with+名詞代詞+形容詞”構(gòu)成的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，也可用已形容詞化的ing形式或ed形式。With his son so disappointing，the old man felt ,老人感到很不快樂。With his father wellknown, the boy didn’t want to ，兒子不想讀書。B． with+名詞代詞+副詞Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights ，我們的學校看上去更美。= Our school looks even more beautiful if when all the lights are boy was walking, with his father ，小孩在后走著。= The boy was walking and his father was ． with+名詞代詞+介詞短語He stood at the door, with a puter in his He stood at the door, puter in ，手里拿著一部電腦。= He stood at the door, and a puter was in his sat at the desk, with a pen in his Vincent sat at the desk, pen in ，嘴里銜著一支筆。= Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his ． with+名詞代詞+動詞的ed形式With his homework done, Peter went out to ，彼得出去玩了。= When his homework was done, Peter went out to the signal given, the train ，火車開始起動了。= After the signal was given, the train wouldn’t dare go home without the job ，我不敢回家。= I wouldn’t dare go home because the job was not ． with+名詞代詞+動詞的ing形式The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around ，那男子感到很高興。= The man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it ，沒有人知道它在哪里。= The girl hid her box and no one knew where it anyone noticing, he slipped through the ，從窗口溜走了。= When no one was noticing, he slipped through the ． with+名詞代詞+動詞不定式The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to ，小男孩看上去很不開心。= The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to kid feels excited with so many places of interest to ，小孩很激動。The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to ：在with/without 的復合結(jié)構(gòu)中，多數(shù)情況下with 能省略，但without 不能省略。Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting 。（without不能省略）九、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中除了能充當原因狀語、時間狀語、條件狀語和伴隨狀語外，還能作定語。在形式上，“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”可位于句首、句中或句尾，并通常用逗號與主句隔開。A．作狀語獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，其功能相當于一個狀語從句或并列分句。1．表示時間 Night ing on, we put ourselves up in a small ，我們在一家小旅館住了下來。（= When night came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.）All the guests seated, they began their ，他們才開始吃飯。（= When all the guests were seated, they began their dinner.）With everything she needed bought, Grace took a taxi ，格雷斯打的回家了。（After everything she needed was bought, Grace took a taxi home.）2．表示原因With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newlyelected president is having a hard ，新當選的總統(tǒng)日子不好過。（= As he has a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newlyelected president is having a hard time.）There being no means of transportation, he had to walk home at ，他只好步行回家。(= As there was no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.)3．表示條件Weather permitting, we will hold our yearly sports meeting next ，我們下星期將舉行每年一次的運動會。（= If weather permits，we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.）All the work done, you can have a ，你可以休息。（=As long as all the work is done, you can have a rest.）Everything taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more ，你的計劃似乎更實際些。（= If everything is taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical.）提示：表示時間、原因、條件的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般放在句首，并且不能保留連詞?！菊`】When class being over, the students left their classroom.【正】Class(being)over, the students left their ，學生都離開了教室。【誤】The moon appearing and they continued their way.【正】The moon appearing, they continued their ，他們繼續(xù)趕路。4．表示伴隨情況或補充說明The strange man was walking down the street, with a stick in his ,手里拿著根手杖。（= The strange man was walking down the st