【正文】 o allow greater strength in the middle portion with minimum diameter on the ends at the steps allow shoulders for positioning the various parts pressed onto the shaft during the rotor assembly.(Shafting)（P67）特別是實(shí)心軸，階梯軸允許中部有更大的強(qiáng)度，端部軸承處直徑最小。階梯允許軸肩在轉(zhuǎn)子裝置期間，通過靠在軸上來定位各類零件。 or more pieces of shafting joined by couplings is used to transmit power from, for example, an engine to a remotely located single engine can drive many lines of shafting, which, in turn, connect in multiple fashions to process equipment operate on pulleys to transmit the torque from one line to another and from the shafting to the and couplings control the transfer of power from the delivery of power to the machines in a shop has generally been converted from line shafting to individual electric motor drives for each , in a modern processing plant, line shafting is obsolete.（P68）一個(gè)或多個(gè)傳動(dòng)軸件，由聯(lián)軸節(jié)接合，用來傳送能量形式，例如，一個(gè)引擎到遠(yuǎn)程機(jī)器。一個(gè)單一的引擎可以驅(qū)動(dòng)許多軸系，反過來，以多種形式連接到加工設(shè)備機(jī)器。皮帶在滑輪上運(yùn)行，從一個(gè)軸系向另一個(gè)軸系傳遞扭矩，并從軸系傳遞給機(jī)器。離合器和聯(lián)軸器控制來自軸系的動(dòng)力傳遞。把動(dòng)力傳遞給車間里的機(jī)器一般已從用傳動(dòng)軸系變成了用獨(dú)立的電動(dòng)馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)每臺(tái)機(jī)器。因此，在一個(gè)現(xiàn)代化的加工廠里，傳動(dòng)軸系已過時(shí)。 widely in viscosity, specific gravity, vapor pressure, boiling point, and other properties, lubricants also offer a wide range of selection for the increasingly varied needs of modern whatever their derivation or properties, the purpose of lubricants is to replace dry friction with either thinfilm or fluidfilm friction, depending on the load, speed, or intermittent action of the moving lubrication, in which there is some contact between the moving parts, usually is specified where heavy loads are a factor.(Lubrication)（P76）潤滑劑在粘度、比重、蒸汽壓、沸點(diǎn)和其他特性廣泛不同，潤滑劑為現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的漸長的各種需求提供廣泛的選擇。但無論它們的來源和特性是什么，潤滑劑的目的是按移動(dòng)部件的載荷、速度或間歇運(yùn)動(dòng)，用薄膜或流體膜摩擦取代干摩擦。薄膜潤滑是指移動(dòng)部件之間有部分接觸，通常特指的重載荷是一個(gè)影響因素。 keep the parts separated, it is necessary that the pressure within the lubricating film balances the load on the sliding the lubricating film’s pressure is supplied by an external source, the system is said to be lubricated the pressure between the surface is generated as a result of the shape and motion of the surfaces themselves, however, the system is hydrodynamically second type of lubrication depends upon the viscous properties of the lubricants.(Lubrication)（P77）要保證零件相互分離，必須是潤滑油膜內(nèi)的壓力與滑動(dòng)表面的載荷平衡。如果潤滑油膜的壓力是由外部源提供，則系統(tǒng)被稱為流體靜壓潤滑。如果表面之間的壓力是由表面形狀和表面運(yùn)動(dòng)而形成的結(jié)果，然而這系統(tǒng)被稱為流體動(dòng)壓潤滑。第二種潤滑方法取決于潤滑劑的粘性。 condition that lies between unlubricated sliding and fluidfilm lubrication is referred to as boundary lubrication, also defined as that condition of lubrication in which the friction between surfaces is determined by the properties of the surfaces and properties of the lubricant other than lubrication enpasses a significant portion of lubrication phenomena and monly occurs during the starting and stopping of machines.(Lubrication)（P77）潤滑狀態(tài)介于干摩擦與油膜潤滑之間的被稱為邊界潤滑，其潤滑狀態(tài)也被定義為表面之間的的摩擦是由表面的特性、潤滑油粘度之外的其它特性所決定的。邊界潤滑在潤滑現(xiàn)象中占據(jù)相當(dāng)大的比重，并且通常發(fā)生在機(jī)器啟動(dòng)和制動(dòng)階段。 often overlook vibration issues when installing machine tools or , planning for vibration control, optimally before constructing a new facility or during redesign of an existing one, can save shops a lot of money in the long ’s because isolating machines and processes from unwanted vibration reduces future problems such as bad partsurface finished, parts out of tolerance, and even physiological damage to shop personnel.(Isolating Unwanted Vibration)（P93）車間常在安裝機(jī)床或設(shè)備時(shí)忽視震動(dòng)問題。然而，最好在構(gòu)造一個(gè)新設(shè)施或從新在設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)現(xiàn)有的設(shè)施之前理想規(guī)劃震動(dòng)控制，這可從長遠(yuǎn)利益上為車間節(jié)省許多費(fèi)用。這因?yàn)閷C(jī)器和加工從有害震動(dòng)中隔離可減少未來的問題，如避免低的零件表面精度，零件超公差，甚至工作人員的生理損害。 equipment manufacturers provide allowablevibration specifications for their machines, but most don’t, which makes choosing an isolator system key is knowing the amplitudes of vibration frequencies that harm reports this is where savvy panies call in a consultant or pany specializing in vibration protection.(Isolating Unwanted Vibration)（P95）部分設(shè)備制造商給機(jī)器提供震動(dòng)許用指標(biāo)，但多數(shù)不提供，這使得選擇隔離系統(tǒng)困難，關(guān)鍵是了解損害機(jī)械的震動(dòng)頻率的幅值。Fabreeka報(bào)告說聰明點(diǎn)的公司聘請(qǐng)了專業(yè)做震動(dòng)防護(hù)的顧問或公司。 specialists measure vibration with highly accurate instrumentation such as realtime signal devices capture raw data, without bias, for postprocessing and quantify amplitude and frequency of this data, the specialist remends the best isolation then conduct acceptance test measurements after installation to verify amplitudes and the resultant transmitted vibration.(Isolating Unwanted Vibration)（P95）這類專家用高精準(zhǔn)設(shè)備檢測震動(dòng)，如實(shí)時(shí)信號(hào)分析儀。這些設(shè)備不是真地捕獲原始數(shù)據(jù)，為了后處理和量化震動(dòng)的頻率和幅值。用這些數(shù)據(jù)，專家推薦最佳的隔離方案。工程師再在安裝后進(jìn)行驗(yàn)收測試測量，驗(yàn)證幅值和由此產(chǎn)生的傳送震動(dòng)。 tooling and grippers are not part of the robotic system itself。rather, they are attachments that fit on the end of the robot’s attachments connected to the end of the robot’s arm allow the robot lift parts, spotweld, paint, arcweld, drill, beburr, and do a variety of tasks, depending on what is required of the robot.(P135)工具及夾爪并非歸屬于機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)的本身部分，而它們是裝在機(jī)器人手臂端部的附件。這些與機(jī)器人手臂端部相連接的附件，能使機(jī)器人提起零件、點(diǎn)焊、噴漆、弧焊、鉆孔、去毛刺，還可以根據(jù)所提要求執(zhí)行各種類型的任務(wù)。 robotic system can also control the work cell of the operating work cell of the robot is the total environment in which the robot must perform its within this cell may be the controller, the robot manipulator, a working table, safety features, or a the equipment that is required in order for the robot to do its job is included in the work addition, signals form outside devices can municate with the robot in order to tell the robot when it should assemble parts, pick up parts, or unload parts to a conveyor.(Robot)（P135）機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)也能控制操作機(jī)器人的工作單元。機(jī)器人的工作單元是機(jī)器人須執(zhí)行其任務(wù)的總環(huán)境。在這個(gè)單元內(nèi)包含有控制器、機(jī)械手、工作臺(tái)、安裝裝置或傳送帶。為機(jī)器人完成該工作所需的所有設(shè)備被包括在該單元內(nèi)。另外，外部設(shè)備的控制信號(hào)可和機(jī)器人通信，告知機(jī)器人何時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)裝配零件、拿起零件或卸載零件到傳送帶。 the end of the arm, a wrist is wrist is made up of addition axes and a wrist wrist flange allows the robot user to connect different tooling to the wrist for different jobs.（P136）在手臂的端部連接著一個(gè)手腕。該手腕由附加軸及手腕法蘭組成。該手腕法蘭允許機(jī)器人用戶根據(jù)不同的工作在手腕連接不同的工具。第五篇：機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語原文翻譯 哈工版應(yīng)力和應(yīng)變?cè)谌魏喂こ探Y(jié)構(gòu)中獨(dú)立的部件或構(gòu)件將承受來自于部件的使用狀況或工作的外部環(huán)境的外力作用。如果組件就處于平衡狀態(tài),由此而來的各種外力將會(huì)為零,但盡管如此,它們共同作用部件的載荷易于使部件變形同時(shí)在材料里面產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的內(nèi)力。有很多不同負(fù)載可以應(yīng)用于構(gòu)件的方式。負(fù)荷根據(jù)相應(yīng)時(shí)間的不同可分為:(a)靜態(tài)負(fù)荷是一種在相對(duì)較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)逐步達(dá)到平衡的應(yīng)用載荷。(b)持續(xù)負(fù)載是