【正文】 一般現(xiàn)在式：表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)：常和always, usually, often ,sometimes, every day, every week的等時(shí)間狀語連用。例：He goes to work every 。表示普遍的真理。由于是眾所周知的客觀事實(shí)，所以一般不用時(shí)間狀語。例：The earth is 。有些表示心理狀態(tài)或感情的動(dòng)詞往往用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例：I don’t think you are 。在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中表示將來的動(dòng)作：常用的連詞有as soon as，when，till，if。（1）They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they ________their finished finishing（答案：B）（1996年22題）（2）When the mixture ______, it will give off a powerful heat be heated heated heated（答案：C）（1992年59題）二、一般過去時(shí)：表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)：常和過去時(shí)間狀語連用。just now, last year, when I was 8years old等。例：You39。ve already missed too many classes this _____ two classes just last miss missed missed（答案：A。有具體的時(shí)間狀語要用過去時(shí)。）（1995年59題）used to do sth：過去常常做…例：I used to take a walk in the 。（意味著現(xiàn)在不在早晨散步了。）it is high time（that）…句型中，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)。例：Don’t you think it is time you _____ smoking? up up give up give up（答案：B）（1999年31題）三、一般將來時(shí)will（shall）+原形動(dòng)詞：表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例：He will e and help 。be going to +動(dòng)詞原形：表示馬上就要發(fā)生的事情或打算好要做的事。例：Are you going to attend the lecture? 你打算去聽這個(gè)演講嗎？be to +動(dòng)詞原形： 表示安排或計(jì)劃好了的動(dòng)作。例：The ThirdRing Road is to be open to traffic before National 。be about to +動(dòng)詞原形：表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例：The lecture is about to 。某些表示開始、終結(jié)、往來行動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞如：go ,e, start, arrive，leave 等的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示將來。（1）We are leaving for Beijing 。（2）The foreign guests are arriving in Jinan 。四、過去將來時(shí)表示在過去預(yù)計(jì)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常用于賓語從句。例：He wanted to know when the conference would 。五、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示此時(shí)此刻（說話時(shí)）正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例：The teacher is talking with his 。表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，但此刻并不一定在進(jìn)行。例：I am attending a conference in 。六、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常需用表示過去的時(shí)間狀語或通過上下文來判斷時(shí)間。例：He was doing his homework from seven to nine last 。when 和while 的用法（1）I fell and hurt myself while I playing playing （答案：A。連接詞when 表示時(shí)間上的點(diǎn)，其所引導(dǎo)的句子用過去時(shí)，while 表示持續(xù)的一段時(shí)間，其所引導(dǎo)的句子用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。）（1998年43題）（2）When you _____ this over with her, you should not see her any talk （答案為B）（1999年35題）（3）One of the guards _____ when the general came in, which made him very slept sleeping C, slept sleeping（答案為D）（1996年23題）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將來的動(dòng)作?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來的動(dòng)作，同樣，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以表示從過去某時(shí)間看將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例：He went to see Xiao was leaving early the next 。他第二天一早就要離開此地了。七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束（常和just, now, already, yet等詞連用）；或表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果（一般不用時(shí)間狀語）。（1）Li Ming has just turned off the 。（說明現(xiàn)在燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了）（2）I have lost my 。（說明過去某時(shí)丟的，現(xiàn)在我還沒有找到這支筆。）表示過去某時(shí)開始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且可能會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去（常用since引導(dǎo)的短語或從句，或由for 引導(dǎo)的短語連用）。（1）He has lived here for 30 。（現(xiàn)在還住在這兒）（2）They’ve known each other since 。（現(xiàn)在還繼續(xù)來往）非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)和it is +時(shí)間+since…..（過去時(shí)）英語中有些動(dòng)詞不能延續(xù)，因此不能和表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語連用。（1）He has _____ the army for ten years and is now an into in in into（答案：C。用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示“繼續(xù)”的概念時(shí)，只能用含有持續(xù)意義的動(dòng)詞，不可用瞬間性動(dòng)詞。）（1995年49題）（2）It is 3 years since I left 。（如果是非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞，這時(shí)常用 it is +時(shí)間+since 的句型代替，從句用過去時(shí)態(tài)。）have（has）been to 和have（has）gone to 的區(qū)別have（has）been to：去過某地（表示某人的一種經(jīng)歷），可以和once，twice，often，never，ever 連用。have（has）gone to：去某地了（表示某人已經(jīng)離開此地，在去某地的路途上或已在某地，所以一般來說此句型只用于第三人稱），此句型不能與上述時(shí)間狀語連用。（1）He has gone to America.（意思為他已經(jīng)去了美國(guó)，現(xiàn)在不在此地）（2）He has been to America 。八、過去完成時(shí)表示在過去的某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作（即過去的過去）。這個(gè)過去的某一時(shí)間可用by, before等介詞或連詞引導(dǎo)的短語或一個(gè)從句來表示。例：About the sixth century few Europeans could read, the Chinese _____ invented invented been invented（答案：B）（1997年35題）表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始，一直持續(xù)到另一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。例：The chemistry class _____ for five minutes when we hurried been on on been on be on（答案：A）（1995年24題）在含有before, after, as soon as 等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，由于連詞本身可以明確表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序，因此，主句和從句都可以用一般過去時(shí)表示，而不用過去完成時(shí)。例：I called him as soon as I 。過去完成時(shí)常用在no sooner …than…, hardly/scarcely/barely…when…，一…就…。句型之中，句子到裝。（1）No sooner had we sat down _____ we found it was time to （答案為A）（1997年50題）（2）Scarcely had he opened the door when a gust of wind blew the candle ，蠟燭就被一陣風(fēng)吹滅了。九、將來完成時(shí)：表示在將來某一時(shí)間以前完成的動(dòng)作。By the time John gets home, his aunt have have left leaving（答案：C）（1995年25題）I _____ writing the article by the time you get finish have finished finished have finished（答案：D）（2000年24題）十、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示從過去某時(shí)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作一般會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去，或是到說話時(shí)結(jié)束，但是強(qiáng)調(diào)到說話時(shí)為止一直在做的動(dòng)作。例：I _____ on the door for ten minutes now without an knocking knocking been knocking（答案：D）（1998年49題）第二節(jié) 被動(dòng)語態(tài) 考試重點(diǎn)：感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)；動(dòng)詞短語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)；用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的含義。一、感官動(dòng)詞及使役動(dòng)詞（如：see，feel，hear，watch，make，bid）在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中用無to不定式做賓補(bǔ)，改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要加to。The middleaged man was seen _____ out of the house on the afternoon of the e e（答案為C）（2000年58題）We were made to study 。二、有些動(dòng)詞后面接一個(gè)介詞或副詞，構(gòu)成短語。變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，短語動(dòng)詞做及物動(dòng)詞用。The children are well looked 。The doctor has been sent 。三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞。The work must be finished before 。Nothing can be seen from 。四、用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的含義常用：need/require +doing sth（=to be done）（此句型主語大多為物）例：My room is a needs to be tidying up up tidy up up（答案為B）（2000年47題）第三節(jié) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考試重點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+完成時(shí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用來表示能力、允許、許諾、可能、勸告、意愿等概念或態(tài)度。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無人稱變化，在句子中和動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。根據(jù)這幾年的考試看，著重測(cè)驗(yàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞接完成時(shí)的用法。一、must +現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情的一種肯定的猜測(cè)。 _____ my letter, otherwise he would have replied before have received have failed to receive receive fail to receive（答案：B）（1998年44題）I believe he _____ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on have had have had have had have had（答案為D）（2001年58題）二、should（ought to）+完成時(shí)表示應(yīng)該做的事情而沒有做，否定式表示不該做的事情做了。含有對(duì)過去的動(dòng)作的責(zé)備、批評(píng)。They have done things they ought to do to be done to have done having done（答案為C）（1999年59題）I’m sorry I couldn’t get in touch with him before he left, I _____ him a telephone phoned have phoned be phoned（答案為C）（2000年26題）三、could +完成時(shí)表示能做的事情而沒有做。表示對(duì)過去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，遺憾。He could have joined us, but he didn’t get our invitation in ，但是他沒有收到我們的請(qǐng)貼。I could have passed, but I did not study hard ，但是沒有努力學(xué)習(xí)。第四節(jié) 虛擬語氣如果所表示的條件根本不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性很小時(shí)，稱為虛擬條件句?？荚囍攸c(diǎn)：虛擬語氣的基本形式和用法；if的省略形式；含蓄條件句；以wish（that）引導(dǎo)的表示“愿望”的賓語從句；would rather 引導(dǎo)的從句；以as if, as though 引導(dǎo)的從句；以suggest, advise, insist 等詞后引導(dǎo)的賓語從句；It is necessary（important）that引導(dǎo)的主語從