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第四節(jié) 虛擬語氣如果所表示的條件根本不可能實現(xiàn)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性很小時,稱為虛擬條件句。He could have joined us, but he didn’t get our invitation in ,但是他沒有收到我們的請貼。They have done things they ought to do to be done to have done having done(答案為C)(1999年59題)I’m sorry I couldn’t get in touch with him before he left, I _____ him a telephone phoned have phoned be phoned(答案為C)(2000年26題)三、could +完成時表示能做的事情而沒有做。 _____ my letter, otherwise he would have replied before have received have failed to receive receive fail to receive(答案:B)(1998年44題)I believe he _____ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on have had have had have had have had(答案為D)(2001年58題)二、should(ought to)+完成時表示應(yīng)該做的事情而沒有做,否定式表示不該做的事情做了。根據(jù)這幾年的考試看,著重測驗情態(tài)動詞接完成時的用法。四、用主動表示被動的含義常用:need/require +doing sth(=to be done)(此句型主語大多為物)例:My room is a needs to be tidying up up tidy up up(答案為B)(2000年47題)第三節(jié) 情態(tài)動詞考試重點:情態(tài)動詞+完成時情態(tài)動詞用來表示能力、允許、許諾、可能、勸告、意愿等概念或態(tài)度。The work must be finished before 。The doctor has been sent 。變被動語態(tài)時,短語動詞做及物動詞用。The middleaged man was seen _____ out of the house on the afternoon of the e e(答案為C)(2000年58題)We were made to study 。例:I _____ on the door for ten minutes now without an knocking knocking been knocking(答案:D)(1998年49題)第二節(jié) 被動語態(tài) 考試重點:感官動詞和使役動詞的被動語態(tài);動詞短語的被動語態(tài);情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài);用主動表示被動的含義。九、將來完成時:表示在將來某一時間以前完成的動作。句型之中,句子到裝。例:I called him as soon as I 。例:About the sixth century few Europeans could read, the Chinese _____ invented invented been invented(答案:B)(1997年35題)表示從過去某一時間開始,一直持續(xù)到另一個過去的時間的動作。八、過去完成時表示在過去的某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動作(即過去的過去)。have(has)gone to:去某地了(表示某人已經(jīng)離開此地,在去某地的路途上或已在某地,所以一般來說此句型只用于第三人稱),此句型不能與上述時間狀語連用。(如果是非延續(xù)動詞,這時常用 it is +時間+since 的句型代替,從句用過去時態(tài)。用現(xiàn)在完成時表示“繼續(xù)”的概念時,只能用含有持續(xù)意義的動詞,不可用瞬間性動詞。(現(xiàn)在還繼續(xù)來往)非延續(xù)性動詞的完成時和it is +時間+since…..(過去時)英語中有些動詞不能延續(xù),因此不能和表示延續(xù)的時間狀語連用。(1)He has lived here for 30 。(說明過去某時丟的,現(xiàn)在我還沒有找到這支筆。(1)Li Ming has just turned off the 。他第二天一早就要離開此地了。現(xiàn)在進行時可以表示將來的動作,同樣,過去進行時也可以表示從過去某時間看將來要發(fā)生的動作。連接詞when 表示時間上的點,其所引導(dǎo)的句子用過去時,while 表示持續(xù)的一段時間,其所引導(dǎo)的句子用過去進行時。例:He was doing his homework from seven to nine last 。六、過去進行時表示在過去某一段時間正在進行的動作。表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作,但此刻并不一定在進行。五、現(xiàn)在進行時表示此時此刻(說話時)正在進行的動作。四、過去將來時表示在過去預(yù)計將要發(fā)生的動作,常用于賓語從句。(1)We are leaving for Beijing 。例:The lecture is about to 。例:The ThirdRing Road is to be open to traffic before National 。be going to +動詞原形:表示馬上就要發(fā)生的事情或打算好要做的事。例:Don’t you think it is time you _____ smoking? up up give up give up(答案:B)(1999年31題)三、一般將來時will(shall)+原形動詞:表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。(意味著現(xiàn)在不在早晨散步了。有具體的時間狀語要用過去時。例:You39。(1)They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they ________their finished finishing(答案:B)(1996年22題)(2)When the mixture ______, it will give off a powerful heat be heated heated heated(答案:C)(1992年59題)二、一般過去時:表示過去的動作或狀態(tài):常和過去時間狀語連用。例:I don’t think you are 。例:The earth is 。表示普遍的真理。一、一般現(xiàn)在式:表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài):常和always, usually, often ,sometimes, every day, every week的等時間狀語連用。例如:You will have reachedShanghai by this time ,你已經(jīng)到達上海了 一語法重點串講語法是三級英語統(tǒng)考的一個重點,它將體現(xiàn)在所有五個題型中,但重點將集中在以下幾個方面。例如:They will have been married for 20 years by 。No sooner had he arrived than he went away 。(8)過去完成時還可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first(second, etc)time(that)…等固定句型中。例如:They had wanted to help but could not get there in ,但沒有及時趕到那里。She didn’t go to bed until she had finished he 。I thought I had sent the letter a week 。(5)過去完成時常常用在賓語從句(或間接引語)中,這時從句中的動作發(fā)生在主句表示的過去的動作之前。例如:I returned the book that I had 。I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my ,因為我沒有好好學(xué)習(xí)功課。例如: died had been a good friend of 。He said he had worked in that factory since 。(2)表示由過去的某一時刻開始,一直延續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作或狀態(tài),常和for, since構(gòu)成的時間狀語連用??梢杂胋y,before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句來表示,也可以用一個表示過去的動作來表示,還可能通過上下文來表示。ve heard him 。例如:It is the first time that I have visited the 。 got形式上是現(xiàn)在完成時,卻和have是同一個意思She has got a slight has a slight。如:I have bought a 。如:begin, end, die, buy, borrow, e, arrive,join, marry等動詞。如:.I’ve never been to 。(2)表示繼續(xù)的現(xiàn)在完成時也可和lately, recently, so far, up to now, till now, in the past(last)few years……, this week(month, year……), all day, all this week等時間狀語連用。如:,狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,常和for, since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用。yet常用于否定句和疑問句,常用于句末。I’ve just finished reading the 。七、現(xiàn)在完成時,后面通常不用時間狀語,但句中常出現(xiàn)already, just,yet等副詞。注意:“主將從現(xiàn)原則”,主句用將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(代替一般將來時)When, as soon as, if,等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,條件句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。例如:By this time tomorrow, I39。ll be meeting him sometime in the 。ll be ing 。六、將來進行時1)表示將來某時進行的狀態(tài)或動作,或按預(yù)測將來會發(fā)生的事情。如:.I was taking a walk when I met ,突然遇見了他。They were expecting you 。例如:You are always changing your 。s getting warmer and 。例如:The leaves are turning 。(說話時并未在寫,只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。:表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動作,說話時動作未必正在進行。四、現(xiàn)在進行時(指說話人說話時)正在發(fā)生的事情。用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來下列動詞e, go, arrive, leave等現(xiàn)在進行時可以表示將來:I39。I39。2)在時間或條件句中。例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow 。例如:He is about to leave for 。例如:We are to discuss the report next 。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a ,快要下雨了。這出戲下月開播。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow?,安排要發(fā)生的事。例如:Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先讀哪一段呢?Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點回家好嗎?2)be going to +不定式,表示將來。三、一般將來時1)shall用于第一人稱,常被will 所代替。例如:I39。would(had)rather 39。3)句型:It is time for do sth“到……時間了”“該……了”例如:It is time for you to go to 。例如:Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了?2)表示在過去一段時間內(nèi),經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。二、一般過去時1)在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。t want so 。4)現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。注意:此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。3)表示格言或警句。例如:The earth moves around the 。例如:I leave home for school at 7 every 。 motives for suicide can be categorized into areas such as failure, wrath(暴怒), the need for attention, stress, and so 第四篇:2011學(xué)位英語復(fù)習(xí)資料一般現(xiàn)在時1)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作,常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。 this might appear to be a positive step, it is actually ,可實際上卻是消極的。 the most important issue that emerges from the social trends just described is the impact of family instability and single parenting