【正文】 times, at…, on Sunday。2)客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。Shanghai lies in the east of 。例如： Pride goes before a 。例：Columbus proved that the earth is 。例如：I don39。Ann writes good English but does not speak ，講的可不行。例如：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago，the other day, in 1982等。例如：When I was a child, I often played football in the the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm ，布朗一家無(wú)論什么時(shí)候去，都受到熱烈歡迎。It is time that sth.“時(shí)間已遲了”“早該……了”例如It is time you went to 。寧愿某人做某事39。d rather you came 。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見(jiàn)時(shí)常用于第二人稱。，即將做某事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。3)be +to表將來(lái)，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。4)be about to +動(dòng)詞原形，意為馬上做某事。注意：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)1)下列動(dòng)詞e, go, arrive, leave, start, begin，return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示將來(lái)，主要用來(lái)表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。When does the bus star? It stars in ten ?十分鐘后。例如：When Bill es(不是will e), ask him to wait for ，讓他等我。ll write to you as soon as I arrive ，就寫信給你。m leaving 。例如：We are waiting for 。例如： is writing another 。)，這樣的動(dòng)詞有：get, grow, bee, turn, run, go, begin等。It39。, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說(shuō)話人的主觀色彩。五、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常和表過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：I was doing my homework at this time 。難點(diǎn)釋疑：when作并列連詞，表示“(這時(shí))突然”之意時(shí)，第一個(gè)并列分句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，when引導(dǎo)的并列分句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。We were playing outside when it began to ，這時(shí)下起雨來(lái)了。例如：She39。I39。2)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by thistime，tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening等。ll be lying on the ，我正躺在海灘上呢。例如：He is going to visit her aunt t when he arrives in ，就去看他姨媽。如：Someone has broken the 。Have you seen the doctor yet?你看過(guò)醫(yī)生了嗎?注：already和yet用法上的區(qū)別already常用于肯定句，置于句中。但already有時(shí)也可用語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)句中暗示驚訝的心情。如： I have learned English for 5 has lived in Beijing since he was ：(1)for和since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別: for + 一段時(shí)間, since + 一點(diǎn)時(shí)間從句(從句中常用一般過(guò)去時(shí))。如：Tom has had a toothache all haven’t heard from him recently.(3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)也可表示從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過(guò)或做過(guò)的事情，常和often, ever, never, before, once,…times等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。He has read this book ：。它們通常不與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。.I’ve had this book for three 。用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型It is the first / second time....that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。This is the first time(that)I39。八、過(guò)去完成時(shí)(1)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)作，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。如：By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the ，我們已經(jīng)收到200張飛船發(fā)來(lái)的圖片。例如：I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally ，我在車站已等了20分鐘。(3)敘述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，在已敘述了過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情后，反過(guò)來(lái)追述或補(bǔ)述以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，常使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。他以前是我的好友。(4)在含有定語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如果敘述的是過(guò)去的事，先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。She found the key that she had 。例如：.He said that he had known her 。(6)在包含有when, until等連詞的復(fù)合句中，例如：When I woke up, it had already stopped 。(7)動(dòng)詞think, want, hope, mean, plan，intend等用過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法，希望，打算或意圖等。We had hoped to be able to e and see 。例如：.Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted ，聽(tīng)眾就打斷了他。九、將來(lái)完成時(shí)：表示某事繼續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)為止一直有的狀態(tài)。：表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)或另一個(gè)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作之前，已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。時(shí)態(tài)：常用的10—11種語(yǔ)態(tài)：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞虛擬語(yǔ)氣動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式三種各種從句（主、賓、表、定、狀、同位語(yǔ)從句）主謂一致倒裝句強(qiáng)調(diào)句附加疑問(wèn)句 第一章 語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)串講第一節(jié) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)考試重點(diǎn)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（if 從句和as soon as 從句）；進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別；完成時(shí)瞬間動(dòng)詞以及have（has）been, have（has）gone的區(qū)別；過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；將來(lái)完成時(shí)。例：He goes to work every 。由于是眾所周知的客觀事實(shí)，所以一般不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。有些表示心理狀態(tài)或感情的動(dòng)詞往往用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作：常用的連詞有as soon as，when，till，if。just now, last year, when I was 8years old等。ve already missed too many classes this _____ two classes just last miss missed missed（答案：A。）（1995年59題）used to do sth：過(guò)去常常做…例：I used to take a walk in the 。）it is high time（that）…句型中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)。例：He will e and help 。例：Are you going to attend the lecture? 你打算去聽(tīng)這個(gè)演講嗎？be to +動(dòng)詞原形： 表示安排或計(jì)劃好了的動(dòng)作。be about to +動(dòng)詞原形：表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。某些表示開(kāi)始、終結(jié)、往來(lái)行動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞如：go ,e, start, arrive，leave 等的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示將來(lái)。（2）The foreign guests are arriving in Jinan 。例：He wanted to know when the conference would 。例：The teacher is talking with his 。例：I am attending a conference in 。常需用表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或通過(guò)上下文來(lái)判斷時(shí)間。when 和while 的用法（1）I fell and hurt myself while I playing playing （答案：A。）（1998年43題）（2）When you _____ this over with her, you should not see her any talk （答案為B）（1999年35題）（3）One of the guards _____ when the general came in, which made him very slept sleeping C, slept sleeping（答案為D）（1996年23題）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。例：He went to see Xiao was leaving early the next 。七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束（常和just, now, already, yet等詞連用）；或表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果（一般不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）。（說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了）（2）I have lost my 。）表示過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且可能會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去（常用since引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或從句，或由for 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)連用）。（現(xiàn)在還住在這兒）（2）They’ve known each other since 。（1）He has _____ the army for ten years and is now an into in in into（答案：C。）（1995年49題）（2）It is 3 years since I left 。）have（has）been to 和have（has）gone to 的區(qū)別have（has）been to：去過(guò)某地（表示某人的一種經(jīng)歷），可以和once，twice，often，never，ever 連用。（1）He has gone to America.（意思為他已經(jīng)去了美國(guó)，現(xiàn)在不在此地）（2）He has been to America 。這個(gè)過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間可用by, before等介詞或連詞引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)從句來(lái)表示。例：The chemistry class _____ for five minutes when we hurried been on on been on be on（答案：A）（1995年24題）在含有before, after, as soon as 等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，由于連詞本身可以明確表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序，因此，主句和從句都可以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示，而不用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。過(guò)去完成時(shí)常用在no sooner …than…, hardly/scarcely/barely…when…，一…就…。（1）No sooner had we sat down _____ we found it was time to （答案為A）（1997年50題）（2）Scarcely had he opened the door when a gust of wind blew the candle ，蠟燭就被一陣風(fēng)吹滅了。By the time John gets home, his aunt have have left leaving（答案：C）（1995年25題）I _____ writing the article by the time you get finish have finished finished have finished（答案：D）（2000年24題）十、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作一般會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去，或是到說(shuō)話時(shí)結(jié)束，但是強(qiáng)調(diào)到說(shuō)話時(shí)為止一直在做的動(dòng)作。一、感官動(dòng)詞及使役動(dòng)詞（如：see，feel，hear，watch，make，bid）在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中用無(wú)to不定式做賓補(bǔ)，改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要加to。二、有些動(dòng)詞后面接一個(gè)介詞或副詞，構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)。The children are well looked 。三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞。Nothing can be seen from 。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱變化，在句子中和動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。一、must +現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情的一種肯定的猜測(cè)。含有對(duì)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作的責(zé)備、批評(píng)。表示對(duì)過(guò)去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，遺憾。I could have passed, but I did not study hard ，但是沒(méi)有努力學(xué)習(xí)?？荚囍攸c(diǎn)：虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本形式和用法；if的省略形式；含蓄條件句；以wish（that）引導(dǎo)的表示“愿望”的賓語(yǔ)從句；would rather 引導(dǎo)的從句；以as if, as though 引導(dǎo)的從句；以suggest, advise, insist 等詞后引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句；It is necessary（important）that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句