【正文】 ng...’：Game(being)over,he went stands there,book(being)in 、without引導(dǎo)，作狀語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)不但可以用分詞，還可以用不定式、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞或名詞等。如：With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon./無(wú)事可做，他很快就睡著了。The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose./老師進(jìn)來(lái)了，戴著一付眼鏡。（注意，此句on his nose不可省略！）第五篇：句子成分句子成分(Members of a Sentence)什么叫句子成分呢？句子的組成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，詞與詞之間有一定的組合關(guān)系，按照不同的關(guān)系，可以把句子分為不同的組成成分。句子成分由詞或詞組充當(dāng)?，F(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)里一般的句子成分有六種，即主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)的基本成分有七種：主語(yǔ)（subject）、謂語(yǔ)（predicate）、表語(yǔ)（predicative）、賓語(yǔ)（object）、定語(yǔ)（attribute）、狀語(yǔ)(adverbial)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。英語(yǔ)五種基本句型列式如下：一： Ｓ Ｖ（主＋謂）二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ（主＋系＋表）三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ（主＋謂＋賓）四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)）基本句型 一：Ｓ Ｖ（主＋謂）主語(yǔ)：可以作主語(yǔ)的成分有名詞（如boy），主格代詞（如you），動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞等。主語(yǔ)一般在句首。注意名詞單數(shù)形式常和冠詞不分家！謂語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成，是英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)變化的主角，一般在主語(yǔ)之后。不及物動(dòng)詞（vi.）沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，如：We ：即句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等。Ｓ │ Ｖ（不及物動(dòng)詞） sun │was 。 moon │。 universe │。 all │breathe, eat, and 、吃和喝。 │cares? 管它呢？ he said │does not 。 │talked for half an 。 pen │writes smoothly 這支筆書(shū)寫(xiě)流利?；揪湫?二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ（主＋系＋表）此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。系動(dòng)詞分兩類：be, look, keep, seem等屬一類，表示情況；get, grow, bee, turn等屬另一類，表示變化。be 本身沒(méi)有什么意義,只起連系主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的作用。其它系動(dòng)詞仍保持其部分詞義。感官動(dòng)詞多可用作聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞：look well/面色好,sound nice/聽(tīng)起來(lái)不錯(cuò),feel good/感覺(jué)好，smell bad/難聞Ｓ │Ｖ（是系動(dòng)詞）│ Ｐ │is │an EnglishChinese 。 dinner │smells │。 │fell │in 。 │looks │。 │is growing │tall and trouble│is │that they are short of 。 well │has gone │。 face │turned │。There be 結(jié)構(gòu)： There be 表示‘存在有’。這里的there沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義，不可與副詞‘there那里’混淆。此結(jié)構(gòu)后跟名詞，表示‘（存在）有某事物’試比較：There is a boy there.（那兒有一個(gè)男孩。）/前一個(gè)there無(wú)實(shí)意，后一個(gè)there為副詞‘那里’ 基本句型 三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ（主＋謂＋賓）此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。賓語(yǔ)位于及物動(dòng)詞之后，一般同主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成一樣，不同的是構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)的代詞必須是‘代詞賓格’，如：me，him，them等Ｓ │Ｖ（及物動(dòng)詞）│ Ｏ │knows │the answer? 誰(shuí)知道答案？ │smiled │her 。 │has refused │to help 。 │enjoys │。 │ate │what was left 。 │said │“Good morning.” 他說(shuō)：“早上好！” │want │to have a cup of 。 │admits │that he was ?；揪湫?四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，如：give給，pass遞，bring帶，show顯示。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)通常一個(gè)指人，為間接賓語(yǔ)；一個(gè)指物，為直接賓語(yǔ)。間接賓語(yǔ)一般位于直接賓語(yǔ)之前。一般的順序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞 + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ)。如：Give me a cup of tea,：動(dòng)詞 + 直接賓語(yǔ) +介詞+ 間接賓語(yǔ)。如：Show this house to ：動(dòng)詞+ 代詞直接賓語(yǔ) +介詞+ 間接賓語(yǔ)。如：Bring it to me, │Ｖ（及物）│ ｏ（多指人）│ Ｏ（多指物） │ordered │herself │a new 。 │cooked │her husband │a delicious 。 │brought │you │a 。 │denies │her │。 │showed │him │my │gave │my car │a 。 │told │him │that the bus was 。 │showed │me │how to run the ?；揪湫?五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)）此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：位于賓語(yǔ)之后對(duì)賓語(yǔ)作出說(shuō)明的成分。賓語(yǔ)與其補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。名詞/代詞賓格 + 名詞The war made him a + 形容詞New methods make the job + 介詞短語(yǔ)I often find him at + 動(dòng)詞不定式The teacher ask the students to close the + 分詞I saw a cat running across the │Ｖ（及物）│ Ｏ（賓語(yǔ)）│ Ｃ（賓補(bǔ)） │appointed │him │。 │painted │the door │ │set │them │。 │found │the house │。 │makes │him │think so? 他怎么會(huì)這樣想？ │saw │him │ │asked │me │to e back 。 │saw │them │getting on the 。句子成分練習(xí)題(一)(一).指出下列句中主語(yǔ)① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man ing here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today39。s homework without the teacher39。s help is very difficult.(二)選出句中謂語(yǔ) ① I don39。t like the picture on the 39。t ② The days get longer and longer when summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? ④ There will be a meeting at the library this be library ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? ⑥ Tom didn39。t do his homework 39。t homework ⑦ What I want to tell you is tell ⑧ We had better send for a ⑨ He is interested in ⑩ Whom did you give my book to? (三)挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)① My brother hasn39。t done his homework.② People all over the world speak English.③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④ How many new words did you learn last class? ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.⑦ They made him monitor of the class.⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.⑩ They didn39。t know who “Father Christmas” really is.(四)挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ)① The old man was feeling very tired.② Why is he worried about Jim? ③ The leaves have turned yellow.④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤ She was the first to learn about it.