【正文】 ng...’：Game(being)over,he went stands there,book(being)in 、without引導(dǎo)，作狀語或定語。這種結(jié)構(gòu)不但可以用分詞，還可以用不定式、形容詞、介詞短語、副詞或名詞等。如：With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon./無事可做，他很快就睡著了。The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose./老師進(jìn)來了，戴著一付眼鏡。（注意，此句on his nose不可省略！）第五篇：句子成分句子成分(Members of a Sentence)什么叫句子成分呢？句子的組成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，詞與詞之間有一定的組合關(guān)系，按照不同的關(guān)系，可以把句子分為不同的組成成分。句子成分由詞或詞組充當(dāng)?，F(xiàn)代漢語里一般的句子成分有六種，即主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。英語的基本成分有七種：主語（subject）、謂語（predicate）、表語（predicative）、賓語（object）、定語（attribute）、狀語(adverbial)和補(bǔ)語英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。英語五種基本句型列式如下：一： Ｓ Ｖ（主＋謂）二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ（主＋系＋表）三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ（主＋謂＋賓）四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)）基本句型 一：Ｓ Ｖ（主＋謂）主語：可以作主語的成分有名詞（如boy），主格代詞（如you），動詞不定式，動名詞等。主語一般在句首。注意名詞單數(shù)形式常和冠詞不分家！謂語：謂語由動詞構(gòu)成，是英語時態(tài)、語態(tài)變化的主角，一般在主語之后。不及物動詞（vi.）沒有賓語，形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，如：We ：即句子的謂語動詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。Ｓ │ Ｖ（不及物動詞） sun │was 。 moon │。 universe │。 all │breathe, eat, and 、吃和喝。 │cares? 管它呢？ he said │does not 。 │talked for half an 。 pen │writes smoothly 這支筆書寫流利?；揪湫?二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ（主＋系＋表）此句型的句子有一個共同的特點(diǎn)：句子謂語動詞都不能表達(dá)一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞。系動詞分兩類：be, look, keep, seem等屬一類，表示情況；get, grow, bee, turn等屬另一類，表示變化。be 本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表語的作用。其它系動詞仍保持其部分詞義。感官動詞多可用作聯(lián)系動詞：look well/面色好,sound nice/聽起來不錯,feel good/感覺好，smell bad/難聞Ｓ │Ｖ（是系動詞）│ Ｐ │is │an EnglishChinese 。 dinner │smells │。 │fell │in 。 │looks │。 │is growing │tall and trouble│is │that they are short of 。 well │has gone │。 face │turned │。There be 結(jié)構(gòu)： There be 表示‘存在有’。這里的there沒有實(shí)際意義，不可與副詞‘there那里’混淆。此結(jié)構(gòu)后跟名詞，表示‘（存在）有某事物’試比較：There is a boy there.（那兒有一個男孩。）/前一個there無實(shí)意，后一個there為副詞‘那里’ 基本句型 三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ（主＋謂＋賓）此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語動詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。賓語位于及物動詞之后，一般同主語構(gòu)成一樣，不同的是構(gòu)成賓語的代詞必須是‘代詞賓格’，如：me，him，them等Ｓ │Ｖ（及物動詞）│ Ｏ │knows │the answer? 誰知道答案？ │smiled │her 。 │has refused │to help 。 │enjoys │。 │ate │what was left 。 │said │“Good morning.” 他說：“早上好！” │want │to have a cup of 。 │admits │that he was ?；揪湫?四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）有些及物動詞可以有兩個賓語，如：give給，pass遞，bring帶，show顯示。這兩個賓語通常一個指人，為間接賓語；一個指物，為直接賓語。間接賓語一般位于直接賓語之前。一般的順序?yàn)椋簞釉~ + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語。如：Give me a cup of tea,：動詞 + 直接賓語 +介詞+ 間接賓語。如：Show this house to ：動詞+ 代詞直接賓語 +介詞+ 間接賓語。如：Bring it to me, │Ｖ（及物）│ ｏ（多指人）│ Ｏ（多指物） │ordered │herself │a new 。 │cooked │her husband │a delicious 。 │brought │you │a 。 │denies │her │。 │showed │him │my │gave │my car │a 。 │told │him │that the bus was 。 │showed │me │how to run the 。基本句型 五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)）此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整。賓語補(bǔ)足語：位于賓語之后對賓語作出說明的成分。賓語與其補(bǔ)足語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。名詞/代詞賓格 + 名詞The war made him a + 形容詞New methods make the job + 介詞短語I often find him at + 動詞不定式The teacher ask the students to close the + 分詞I saw a cat running across the │Ｖ（及物）│ Ｏ（賓語）│ Ｃ（賓補(bǔ)） │appointed │him │。 │painted │the door │ │set │them │。 │found │the house │。 │makes │him │think so? 他怎么會這樣想？ │saw │him │ │asked │me │to e back 。 │saw │them │getting on the 。句子成分練習(xí)題(一)(一).指出下列句中主語① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man ing here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today39。s homework without the teacher39。s help is very difficult.(二)選出句中謂語 ① I don39。t like the picture on the 39。t ② The days get longer and longer when summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? ④ There will be a meeting at the library this be library ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? ⑥ Tom didn39。t do his homework 39。t homework ⑦ What I want to tell you is tell ⑧ We had better send for a ⑨ He is interested in ⑩ Whom did you give my book to? (三)挑出下列句中的賓語① My brother hasn39。t done his homework.② People all over the world speak English.③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④ How many new words did you learn last class? ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.⑦ They made him monitor of the class.⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.⑩ They didn39。t know who “Father Christmas” really is.(四)挑出下列句中的表語① The old man was feeling very tired.② Why is he worried about Jim? ③ The leaves have turned yellow.④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤ She was the first to learn about it.