【正文】 er AFM manipulation, both the torsional and uniaxial strain would have a “L” shaped distribution along the SWNT axis, due to the friction between SWNTs and the substrate, and the partial relaxation of characteristics of the distribution, including the propagation distance of strain, the maximum strain and its position, and the slope of the strain distribution, are determined by the force exerted on SWNT by AFM tip, the elasticity modulus E and the shear modulus G, and the friction between SWNT and controlling the AFM manipulation and using patterned substrate with different ponents, the magnitude and distribution of strain in SWNT has been the parison of strain distribution in different SWNTs, their mechanical properties, such as E and G, and the friction with the substrate have been pared, on the single SWNTs was found that there is no monomial relationship between these parameters and the SWNTs diameter, this suggests that the chirality of SWNTs also has important effect on SWNTs mechanical words:SingleWalled Carbon Nanotubes(SWNTs), AFM manipulation and fabrication, deformation(strain), buckling, resonance Raman spectroscopy第四篇：摘要(中英文)摘要本次的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)以工程實(shí)例為研究對象，設(shè)計(jì)過程包括結(jié)構(gòu)部分，概預(yù)算部分以及施工組織部分。本工程名稱為中學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)樓，建設(shè)地點(diǎn)為農(nóng)八師132團(tuán)。地基承載力特征值為fak =400Kpa。采用磚混結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)計(jì)基準(zhǔn)期50年，安全等級為二級。本建筑五層， 米，女兒墻高。本計(jì)算書包括的內(nèi)容：結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)部分：；；：（包括屋面和樓面荷載以及墻體）；（包括梁，板，）；（包括砌體部分條基設(shè)計(jì)以及獨(dú)立柱基的設(shè)計(jì)）；（墻體高厚比，墻體承載力驗(yàn)算及局部承壓計(jì)算；；（斜板的計(jì)算，平臺梁的計(jì)算，平臺板的計(jì)算）；。概預(yù)算設(shè)計(jì)是在結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)上，先計(jì)算并統(tǒng)計(jì)出分項(xiàng)工程的工程量，再運(yùn)用廣聯(lián)達(dá)造價軟件進(jìn)行人，材料，機(jī)械三方面經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)算以達(dá)到對本工程的工程造價控制。施工組織設(shè)計(jì)是針對已經(jīng)形成的建筑施工圖，結(jié)構(gòu)施工圖，結(jié)合相應(yīng)的定額規(guī)范，進(jìn)行各分部分項(xiàng)工程的工程量計(jì)算，做出工程量計(jì)算表，根據(jù)表格內(nèi)各部分內(nèi)容，結(jié)合時間定額和產(chǎn)量定額，進(jìn)行勞動量的計(jì)算，在固定工期內(nèi)合理的組織施工，繪制橫道圖，雙代號網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖，時標(biāo)網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖和施工平面布置圖，以及人工，材料，機(jī)械需要量計(jì)劃。在設(shè)計(jì)過程中，通過查閱大量有關(guān)資料，與同學(xué)交流經(jīng)驗(yàn)和自學(xué)，并向老師請教等方式，使自己學(xué)到了不少知識，也經(jīng)歷了不少艱辛，但收獲同樣巨大。此次設(shè)計(jì)成果有：①結(jié)構(gòu)施工圖10張，包括手繪5張，機(jī)繪5張；②結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算書一本；③雙代號、時標(biāo)網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖一張。而且大大提高了動手的能力，充分體會到了在創(chuàng)造過程中探索的艱難和成功時的喜悅。雖然這個設(shè)計(jì)做的也不太好，但是在設(shè)計(jì)過程中所學(xué)到的東西是這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的最大收獲和財(cái)富，使我終身受益。最后感謝指導(dǎo)老師悉心的指導(dǎo)和幫助。關(guān)鍵詞：畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)；磚混結(jié)構(gòu)；結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)；工程量計(jì)算；施工組織設(shè)計(jì)。AbstractThe project is a plex building named Experiments in middle school building in farming 8 division 132 build adopt reinforced concrete brick structure，the design base year is 50 years , the safe grade is 2 , and the earthquake intensity sale is total building area is more than main body is five frame height is indoors and outside height is are thesis includes content:Structure design:Graduate design task。Shows the engineering survey and layout of the structure。Calculation of structure: 1 Load cleaning。calculation of。2 Cast member。3 Basic design。4 Ratio of height to thickness。5 Seismic checking calculation。6 Stairs。7 Beam budget in the structural design of the design on the basis of the cost of the use of success software in order to control of the project organization design used the architectural working drawings,structural drawings and bined with the corresponding norms, calculationed the engineering of the to the subpat of the engineering project, bined with time, production scale, quantity of labor, work in a reasonable period of reasonable constructionorganizationgs, drawnonarrow network diagram, net work time scale layout plant and construction design results are as follows: the construction of Figure 10, including hand 5, machine drawing 5。the structure calculation book。③, AOA timescaled network diagram also greatly improve the ability to operate, fully realized in the creative process of exploration,hardships and the joy of the design do not too good, but what is learned in the design process that is the biggest harvest and the wealth of the graduation design, benefit from my , thanks to my teacher39。s guidance and : graduation design。masonry structure。structural design。engineering calculation。construction organization design.第五篇：如何寫中英文摘要敬請重視和寫好論文的中英文摘要（1）中文文摘是溝通國內(nèi)讀者和作者之間的橋梁。在知識爆炸的今天，讀者不可能通過直接瀏覽刊物的方式去獲取全面的信息，只能通過專業(yè)的二次文獻(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫，檢索相應(yīng)文章的文摘，再提取原文。（2）英文文摘是作者和國際同行進(jìn)行交流的必經(jīng)之路。在當(dāng)今的科技領(lǐng)域,英語已經(jīng)成為事實(shí)上的國際交流語言。世界各國學(xué)者想追蹤了解某一學(xué)科的發(fā)展情況，都會用英文工具書和數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行檢索。（1）摘要應(yīng)概括正文的要點(diǎn)。一般來說，應(yīng)包括研究對象(目的)、研究方法(所用的設(shè)備，材料)、結(jié)果和結(jié)論。寫英文摘要時，不能因?yàn)槟承﹥?nèi)容不好翻譯就棄掉要點(diǎn)。（2）摘要要盡量簡短，盡可能刪掉課題研究的背景信息。（3）摘要中出現(xiàn)的數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)該是最重要和最關(guān)鍵的數(shù)據(jù)。（4）不需要目己標(biāo)榜自己的研究結(jié)果。（5）二次文獻(xiàn)信息將脫離原文而獨(dú)立存在，因此摘要中不能出現(xiàn)圖表參數(shù)據(jù)。（6）摘要中的內(nèi)容應(yīng)在正文中出現(xiàn)，不能對原文進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充和修改。（7）摘要中的縮寫名稱在第一次出現(xiàn)時要有全稱(眾所周知的縮寫詞除外)。（8）摘要的句子應(yīng)盡量簡短，主謂語要搭配。