【導(dǎo)讀】我國建筑業(yè)近年來的事故率依然居高不下，建筑安全事故時有發(fā)生。要從根本上扭轉(zhuǎn)建筑安全生產(chǎn)管理的被動局面，必須從全新的角度去正視、去研究、去改變嚴(yán)峻的現(xiàn)實。本文以A的材料為背景，研究了建筑施工安全生產(chǎn)中存在的問題。首先，概述了安全生產(chǎn)和安全生產(chǎn)管理的相關(guān)含義；其次，較為詳細(xì)的分析了A的施工安全生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)狀、存在的問題及原因分析；借鑒國內(nèi)相關(guān)經(jīng)驗，并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了相應(yīng)的解決對策，即改善建筑施工安全生產(chǎn)制度、提高全體人員的安全意識、以及對施工事故的處理，以此來改善A目前落后的建筑施工安全生產(chǎn)管理制度，降低建筑施工安全生產(chǎn)事故，以及最大限度的確保建筑施工中人員和財產(chǎn)的安全，實現(xiàn)以人為本的安全管理，提升企業(yè)的品牌和形象。建筑業(yè)已成為我國所有工業(yè)部門中最危險的行業(yè)之一?，F(xiàn)代安全管理強調(diào)在生產(chǎn)中要做好預(yù)防工作，盡可能將事故消滅在萌芽狀態(tài)之中。

　　

【正文】 2003(9):1[2] 蘇文雄．建筑施工安全管理淺析[J]．技術(shù)與市場，2010:17卷(11期)． [3] 周和容．建筑施工安全[M]．中國環(huán)境科學(xué)出版社，2010（11）:56[4] 陳寶義．施工質(zhì)量安全管理[M]．地質(zhì)出版社，2002：1621[5] 那建興．建筑施工安全專項方案編制[M]．中國鐵道出版社，2009:32[6] 王維瑞、唐偉．安全員手冊[M]．中國建筑工業(yè)出版社，2001：23[7] 鄭曉．淺談建筑工程的施工安全管理[J]．山西建筑，2008：34（32）:204205[8] 元福、李慧民．我國建筑安全管理的現(xiàn)狀及其思考[J].中國安全科學(xué)學(xué)報，2003（13）：16[9] 黃又亮．施工分包中的問題分析[N]．建筑經(jīng)濟(jì)1995年06期[10] [J]．：21[11] 、原因分析與防范[J]．[12] [M]．南京：江蘇科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社，1990：1517[13] [M]．中國勞動社會保障出版社 2004:316321[14] 陳寶智．安全原理（第二版）[M].冶金工業(yè)出版社，2002（9）：27[15] June A．Gambadoes. Designing for Safety, Construction Safety and Health Management [J]．New Hall,2000：29~32[16] 紀(jì)明波．當(dāng)前我國安全管理存在的問題分析及對策探討[J]．中國安全科學(xué)學(xué)報，2003：（6）：46．[17] 殷川湘．建筑施工安全管理措施[J]．山西科技．2009：第3期[18] 韓君．監(jiān)理工程師如何審查安全技術(shù)措施[J].建筑安全2010（5）[19][J].[20]建筑安全網(wǎng)附 錄AAnalysis of Safety Performance in the Construction IndustryData source: The HKU Scholars HubOver the years, many researchers have investigated into the safety performance of the construction industry. Some of them identified factors leading to the occurrence of accidents on construction sites. The high frequency of construction accident has casted the industry a considerable amount. The government and many concerned parties have taken measures against the potential causes of accidents, aiming at reducing accidents and promoting safety in the industry. 1. Definition of Accident Laney (1982) states that the simplest definition of an accident is “an uncontrollable occurrence which results in injury or damage”. The events leading up to an accident are controllable in most cases. International Labor Office Geneva (1983) and Kennedy (1997) also agree that accidents don’t just happen, they are preventable. All industrial accidents are, either directly or indirectly, attributable to human failings. Rowlandson (1997) points out that a number of elements which need to be incorporated into the definition if this is to be useful in terms of accident prevention. These elements are:a. lack of management control。 b. basic personal and task factors。 c. substandard acts and conditions – the symptoms of the accident。 d. an unplanned and undesired event or incident – the accident。 e. an undesired oute – death, injury or property damage。 f. a cost. He thus defines accident as: “... an unplanned incident leading to death, injury or property damage which stems from inadequate management control of work processes manifesting itself in personal or job factors which lead to substandard actions or conditions which are seen as the immediate causes of the accident.” 2. Common Accidents in Construction Industry According to Lingard and Rowlinson (1994) accident proneness can be measured by the frequency of accident occurrence. According to some researches, construction industry has the highest accident rate over the years, thus it is said to be more accidentprone than other industries. It is essential to understand why construction industry is more vulnerable to accident than the others. The Labour Department classified construction accidents by types.Table 1 shows the number of injuries in 2004 and figures in blankets are the number of fatality fixed or stationary object%Fall of person from height%Injured whilst lifting or carrying%Slip, trip or fall on same level%Striking against or stuck by moving object%Contact with moving machinery or object being machined%Others%The above chart shows the major accidents which contributed more than 5% of the construction accidents in 2004:3. Facors Affecting Safety Performance of Construction Industry Many researchers have studied the factors affecting safety performance on construction sites. Stranks (1994) points out that the reasons of the poor safety record may correlate with many factors such as plexity of the work or system, risk nature of works, management style, safety knowledge and mitment, and personal behavior. Here are several factors that affect safety performance of contraction industry.a. Company Size Tam and Fung (1998) study the effectiveness of safety management strategies on safety performance. In this study, the safety performance of panies is gauged by their accident rates in 1994 as accident rates are steadier throughout the year and they can be easily obtained. In the study, it is found that pany size, in term of number of management staff, affects safety performance. Tam and Fung (1998) observe that the accident rate of small panies is highest, the rate for medium sized lies almost at the industrial average and that for the large firms is the lowest. This demonstrates that larger firms generally have better safety records. This could be resulted from the more structured and formalized safety programmers, and stronger management mitment to safety. It is found that the higher number of employees in the organization, the lower figure of the accident rate.b. Level of Subcontracting Multilayer subcontracting is unique to China construction industry and has been the most mon practice being used with long history. Subcontractors would normally further subcontract their work without the consent of their principal contractor to several smaller firms in order to minimize their overheads. Multilayers of subcontractors is one of the major difficulties in implementing safety management. Recent study carried out by Wong and So (2004) shows the current status of the subcontracting practice and how multilayer subcontracting system affects construction safety performance. Their questionnaire survey reveals that the majority of respondents (%) would sublet 8090% of their works to subcontractors. None of the respondents would carry out construction work that fully relies on their own effort。 at least 30% of works would be subcontracted out. Lai (1987) attributes the high site accident rates to the use of labouronly subcontractors. As subcontracted workers are highly mobile, lack loyalty to contractors and are rewarded accordi