【導(dǎo)讀】電動汽車的優(yōu)點是具有簡單的機(jī)械傳動機(jī)構(gòu)。統(tǒng)將動能轉(zhuǎn)換成汽車的電能儲備，這說明它的能源和工作回路是雙向的。不僅僅具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單效率高的優(yōu)點，而且它的輸出扭矩適合車輛的扭矩曲線。過改變電力輸入的極性來實現(xiàn)。電池系統(tǒng)的充電是相當(dāng)復(fù)雜的。通過電源插座傳送的是交流電，必須轉(zhuǎn)換成直流電，須被“切”成具有一定周期的可變占空比，才能用以控制發(fā)動機(jī)的速度和扭矩。純電動汽車的主要缺點是電池能源有限，而混合電。動汽車的復(fù)雜的動力系統(tǒng)是困擾其質(zhì)量提高和成本的居高不下的原因。下面介紹一些電動車，像通用公司的EV1、福特的Ranger和豐田的Prius。通過性和操作性能，通用EV1的主要零部件見圖1。分別是更先進(jìn)、容量更大的鉛酸蓄電池和可選裝的鎳氫電池。發(fā)動機(jī)布置形式：橫置安裝、前輪驅(qū)動。充電及充電器端口：根據(jù)美國保險商實驗室標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制造。輪胎壓力監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)。電動車窗、門鎖和雙后視鏡。駕駛員及乘客側(cè)面安全氣囊。

　　

【正文】 ower train Battery range Top speed Charge GM EV1 3 phase, A C induct on electr ic motor 26valveregulated leadacid module: NiMH 5595miles()Per charge (leadacid)。 75130miles()Per charge (NiMH) 80mph (129km/h) Indoor charging Ford Range 3 phase, A C motor leadacid NiMH 77 miles () 75mph (120km/h) On board Honda EV Plus Permanent Mag 24/12volt NiMH 100miles () 80mph (129km/h) On board Electric bicycles and scooters Ebicycles are traditional bikes, but with batterypowered assist. They look and perform just like any quality bike but with the ability to cruise unassisted at speed up to 18 mph ( km/h). And have zero emissions. Electric bicycles, as an environment friendly tool of transportation, receive preference in their development policy. How long will an ebicycle run? The ebicycle can go for miles with just a little help from. If you use the power assist while pedaling, you can expect a range of up to 15 miles ( km), depending on the bike model, terrain and weight of the rider. Charging takes just a few hours. Automatic and portable, the chargers plug into any standard outlet. Safety circuitry guarantees that the battery pack can’t be overcharged. Batteries can be easily removed, which allows to replace a spent battery with a fresh one, or recharge in the house while leaving the bike in idle. In the densely populated cities, an electric bicycle or scooter, as a convenient muter, provides solutions to the problem such as pollution and traffic jam, and is energy saving as well. For example, Shanghai strongly supports development of electric bicycle to replace fuelusing two wheel scooters. Besides, Shanghai is geographically plain, which is suitable for driving an electric vehicle and bring superiority to the development of electric vehicle. In the recent years, many panies, like Phoenix, Forever, Unison XinMinWei etc., have brought out electric bicycles and scooters of new styles. The sales have been rising month by month and the export market is quite promising too. Electric bike Ford TH! NK bikes are used as examples to show the performance of electric bikes. Figure 5 TH! NK bike traveler Figure 6 TH! NK bike fun1 Specification (TH! NK bike traveler): ?Operating size: Length: in ( mm). Width: in ( mm). Height: in ( mm). ?Folding size: Length: in ( mm). Width: in ( mm). Height: in ( mm). ?Frame weight 49 lb ( kg). ?Battery weight 18 lb ( kg) ?20 in (508 mm) wheels. ?Load capacity 230 lb ( kg). Performance: ?400 watt motor (peak). ?24 volt energy source. ?Up to 16miles ( km) average range. ?Sixhour charging time at 110V AC. ?Aluminum frame and ponents. ?Dual “V” brakes. ?Electric battery powers assist. Safety/Security: ?Buildin diagnostic system. ?Brake disengages motor output. ?Electric assist up to 18 mph ( km/h). ?Dualleg bike stand. ?Builtin battery. ?Downshift indicator. ?Energylevel indicator. Comfort: ?Cruise control. ?Large padded seat. ?Adjustable ergonomic seat amp。 handlebar. Convenience: ?Offboard battery charger. ?Energylevel indicator light. ?Index twistgrip speed shifter. ?Easily removable battery. Price: ?$ 1195 SRP. Excluding tax in USA (in 2021). Benefits: ?Folding frame. ?Compact design for easy transport. ?Quiet DC brush motor. ?Easy pedaltomotordrive switching. ?Folds easily for trunk loading. ?Zeroemission electric battery power. ?Hillgrabbing multigear power. Electric scooters Electric scooter development is also propelled by environmental concerns and energy consumption concerns. Moving motorcycles, which are the main transportation tools in many Southeast Asia cities, produce large amount of pollution. In Taiwan Province, electric scooter industry is strongly propelled by the 2% sales quota of electric scooter from 2021, the adoption of “the action Plan for Developing Electric Scooter” is proposed by Taiwan EPA. The following shows some scooters developed: Specifications for HCF 2wheel scooter: ?Size: 1200m (L) 540mm (W) 940mm (H). ?Weight: 27 kg or 60 lb (battery excluded). ?Battery Weight: kg or 30 lb (portable). ?Tires: 12 1/2 in2 1/4 in (). ?Rim material: aluminum alloy. ?Battery: Sealed leadaid battery 24V 20Ah. ?Max Speed: 2025 km/h or 016 mph. ?Cruising Range: 3035 km or 1922 miles. ?Motor: DC 24V. ?Charging system: AC 110220V (with automatic disconnect). ?Charging time: 68 hours. ?Climbing: about 12 Slope. ?Max rider weight: 120 kg or 264 lb. ?Brake System: front cantilever reardrum. ?Noise during riding: 60 dB. Figure 7 HCF scooter Figure8 Pride 3Wheels (Taiwan Province) 2021 Legend (USA) ?Air pollution: no. Specification for Pride 3wheel legend 2021: ?Body Type: take apart. ?Full weight: 188 lb ( kg). ?Maximum Capacity: 300 lb ( kg). ?Maximum Range: 2025 miles ( km). ?Maximum Speed: mph ( km/h). ?Size (Length/Width):24 in (). ?Tires (Front/Rear):310/410. ?Turn Radius: 41 in (1041 mm). ?Full front and rear dynamic suspension. ?10 in tire for enhanced suspension. ?Contoured seat with fully padded armrests. ?Set can swivel a full 360. ?Head lights and running lights. ?Front basket. ?Optional batteries for up to 30 miles ( km) range. ?Key lock. ?Non slip foot surfaces. ?Rear bumper. ?Horn. Table 2 includes the production status of major electric scooter manufacturers in Taiwan Table 2 Production status of major electric scooter Manufacturers in Taiwan Province Manful. Model and technology source Market specifications Kang yang ?Develop 3 rd gene ration Scooters (M K1,MK2,MK3) Independently. ?Marketed in 1992. 3000 Scooter exported and 1500 sold locally. ?Price of MK3 is