【正文】 ome drivers to appear right before wished beginning of parking, looking for an empty space in a garage, even though they do not have a con?rmed it be good to have few different parking tariffs? The answer is obviously ‘‘Yes’’.Drivers paying lower parking tariffs could be disabled and senior citizens, people who reserve parking space few days in advance, or HOV paying higher tariffs could be solo drivers, long term parking drivers, or drivers showing up and asking for parking without making reservation in , there is a lot of possible parking pricing stochastic nature of reservation generation and cancellation, the stochastic nature of driver showup during reserved time slot, variety of parking tariffs, and the need to respond to drivers39。 requests in real time, indicate that the management of parking garage revenues represents a plex the past 30 years a relatively large number of papers have been devoted to different aspects of the airline seat inventory control problem(Littlewood, 1972。Belobaba, 1987。Brumelle and McGill, 1993。7 Teodorovic et al., 2002).The model proposed in this paper is highly inspired by the developed airline yield management stochastic and/or deterministic us assume that we have few different parking simplest reservation system(similar to some airline reservation systems in the past)could be ‘‘distinct tariff class parking space inventories’’((a)),indicating separate parking spaces in the garage for each tariff this case, once the parking space is assigned to a tariff class, it may be booked only in that tariff class or else remains are certain advantages, as well as certain disadvantages in the case of distinct parking space this case users paying lower tariffs would be relatively well ‘‘protected’’.In other words, this system would pay a lot of attention to the disabled person, senior citizens, people who reserve parking space few days in advance, and HOV disadvantage of the distinct parking space inventories is the fact that very often some parking spaces assigned to lower tariff users would be empty even the higher tariff users demand is very other words, it would be possible to reject some drivers even all parking spaces in garage are not BL2CBLm(a)BL2 BLmBL1=C(b)In case of a ‘‘nested reservation system’’, the high tariff request will not be rejected as long as any parking spaces are available in lower tariff example, if we have four tariff classes, then there is no booking limit for class 1, but there are booking limits(BLi, i = 2, 3,..., m)for each of the remaining three classes((b)).As we can see from (b), all parking spaces are always available to class are always a certain number of parking spaces protected for class 1, certain number of parking spaces protected for classes 1 and 2, and certain number of parking spaces protected for classes 1, 2 and we make a requestbyrequest revision of booking limits, there is no longer a difference between distinct and nested reservation this research(like in the paper of Teodorovic180。 et al., 2002)an attempt was madetomakereservationdecisionsonthe ‘‘requestbyrequest’’ the scenario that we consider, we assume that there are more than two types of basic characteristic of the parking space inventory control model that we propose is ‘‘realtime’’ decision making about each driver developed model is called an ‘‘intelligent’’ parking space inventory control system.第五篇：微分方程英文論文和翻譯Differential CalculusNewton and Leibniz,quite independently of one another,were largely responsible for developing the ideas of integral calculus to the point where hitherto insurmountable problems could be solved by more or less routine successful acplishments of these men were primarily due to the fact that they were able to fuse together the integral calculus with the second main branch of calculus,differential this article, we establish a result about controllability to the following class of partial neutral functional di?erential equations with in?nite delay:236。182。239。Dxt=ADxt+Cu(t)+F(t,xt),t179。0(1)237。182。t239。x0=f206。b238。where the state variablex(.)takes values in a Banach space(E,.)and the control u(.)is given in L2([0,T],U),T0,the Banach space of admissible control functions with U a Banach is a bounded linear operator from U into E, A : D(A)? E → E is a linear operator on E, B is the phase space of functions mapping(?∞, 0] into E, which will be speci?ed later, D is a bounded linear operator from B into E de?ned byDj=j(0)D0j,j206。BD0is a bounded linear operator from B into E and for each x :(?∞, T ] → E, T 0, and t ∈ [0, T ], xt represents, as usual, the mapping from(?∞, 0] into E de?ned byxt(q)=x(t+q),q206。(165。,0]F is an Evalued nonlinear continuous mapping on194。+180。 problem of controllability of linear and nonlinear systems represented by ODE in ?nit dimensional space was extensively authors extended the controllability concept to in?nite dimensional systems in Banach space with unbounded to now, there are a lot of works on this topic, see, for example, [4, 7, 10, 21].There are many systems that can be written as abstract neutral evolution equations with in?nite delay to study [23].In recent years, the theory of neutral functional di?erential equations with in?nite delay in was developed and it is still a ?eld of research(see, for instance, [2, 9, 14, 15] and the references therein).Meanwhile, the controllability problem of such systems was also discussed by many mathematicians, see, for example, [5, 8].The objective of this article is to discuss the controllability for Eq.(1), where the linear part is supposed to be nondensely de?ned but satis?es the resolvent estimates of the HilleYosida shall assume conditions that assure global existence and give the su?cient conditions for controllability of some partial neutral functional di?erential equations with in?nite results are obtained using the integrated semigroups theory and Banach ?xed point , we make use of the