【正文】 損失/失敗/懲罰/艱難 思維拓展：suffer from a bad cold 患重感冒 suffer for ……而受苦 構(gòu)詞法:suffering , 苦難 sufferer , 患者1purpose ,意圖 what purpose did he go to Africa? 他去非洲的目的何在? 思維拓展：on purpose = by accident 故意地 for the purpose of 為了……的目的 with the purpose of 抱著……的目的one’s purpose in doing ……的目的 構(gòu)詞法:purposeful ,故意的 purposeless purposely ,故意地1advice ,建議 gave us some advice on how to learn a foreign ：give / offer advice on 就……給某人提建議 ask adcice 征求某人的意見follow / take one’s advice接受某人的建議 do one’s advice 按某人的建議做…… on / upon one’s adcice 聽某人的勸告 構(gòu)詞法:adviser / advisor ,顧問 advisory , 顧問的 advise advise do sth 建議某人做……advise to do sth = adcise doing sth 建議某人不要做……advise doing sth 建議做…… advise that 建議…… advise 向某人提…..建議1effort should put more effort into your ：make an effort to do 努力做…… = make every effort to do = make grat efforts to do = spare no effort to do without effort 毫不費力地 注: “ 全力做…..”的表達(dá): do all out to dodo / try one’s best to dodo all / everything / what one can to do 構(gòu)詞法:effortless 、habit ,習(xí)性 need to change your eating ：develop / form the habit of = build up the habit of 養(yǎng)成……的習(xí)慣fall / get into the habit of 染上……的習(xí)慣 be in the habit of = have the habit of 有……的習(xí)慣get the habit of 使某人養(yǎng)成…..的習(xí)慣get out of the habit of = give up the habit of = kick / break/ drop the habit of 戒除…….的習(xí)慣do of habit 處于習(xí)慣做某事: through 通過。經(jīng)受。仔細(xì)檢查。完成 練習(xí)：go through too many wars 經(jīng)過太多的戰(zhàn)爭 go through with one’s promise 實踐諾言The new law has gone teacher went through all the students’ :break through 沖破 get through 完成, 通過 live through 活過…… look through 瀏覽 read through 通讀 see through 看穿have been through with 經(jīng)受過(很多苦)through thick and thin 共患難 through and through 徹底,完全 away 躲避,隱蔽 thief hid away in the woods for a hid away the solider from the :常用被動語態(tài)形式的結(jié)構(gòu):be hidden among the woods 躲在樹林里 be devoted to education 獻(xiàn)身教育 be stationed in the village 駐扎在村里 be buried in reading 專心閱讀 be seated beside me 坐在我身邊 down 記下，放下,認(rèn)為,歸因于…… down his name and set down the book on the set the man down as a set down his bad temper to his :set down(doing)sth 著手(做)某事 set out to do set off 動身,引爆 set up 豎起,創(chuàng)設(shè),開辦 注: 表示” 記下, 寫下” 時set down = put down = write down = get down with 處理,與…..有關(guān) didn’t knkow what to do with his :have do with 與……有關(guān) have nothing to do with 與……無關(guān)have much / a lot of to do with 與……有很大關(guān)系 指點迷津:(1)do with 表示 “ 處置” 時常與what 搭配,而 deal with 常與how to do with his camel how to deal with his camel(2)what與how 的其他搭配 What do you think of …? How do you like / find …? What to do it next(3)do without 沒有……也行 there’s none left we’ll have to do once 就這/ 那一次 once your’re think we might relax orselves for this :all at once 突然。同時once and for all 永遠(yuǎn)地。一勞永逸地 once in a while 偶爾 once more / again 再一次once upon a time 從前(用于開始講故事)at once 立刻。同時 指點迷津:for once = this once = just for once = for this once to face 面對面地 stood face to face with each :heart to heart 心貼心地, 坦誠地 shoulder to shouldedr 肩并肩地 hand in hand手拉手地 arm in arm臂挽臂地 side by side 并排地 back to back 背靠背地 指點迷津:(1)faceto – face 是合成形容詞,’ll have a facetoface .(2)face to face : from door to door 挨門挨戶地 from mouth to mouth 口口相傳地 see eye to eye 完全同意地 from left to right 從左到右地from generation to generation 一代一代地 from head to foot 從頭到腳 from time to tme 不時地(3)face to face 常與with 連用,表示 “與……面對面”, : came face to face with along with 進(jìn)展,相處 are you getting along with your classmates? 你與同學(xué)相處怎樣?’s getting along well with his :get along well / nicely with 與……相處得很好 get along badly with 與……相處得不好 指點迷津:(1)get along with 中的along 也可以用on 替換.(2)get along with ＂與某人相處得如何＂，get along with sth 是＂某事進(jìn)展得如何＂(３)在 He didn’t know that we were getting along with ，不能用how , nicely 或 badly 等詞時， want to know how they are getting along with the ：, salary 與 wage（1）pay 工資，薪金，是不可數(shù)名詞．常指按時支付的固定薪酬，也指海陸軍人以及在政府部門工作的人的新酬．可用來代替 salary ： much tax do they take out of your pay? 他們從你的工資中抽多少稅？ get my pay every ．（２）salary 薪水．可用作可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞．通常指非體力勞動者（如：白領(lǐng)階層的工作者或掌管業(yè)務(wù)的行政人員等）所得的報酬，一般按月發(fā)回半年、一年發(fā)放一次．如： is paid for his work at a high ． draw my salary at the end of every ．（３）wage 工資，工錢．通常指付給體力勞動者（如：藍(lán)領(lǐng)工資，也可指按記時工資．常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)．有時工資多或少時，常說 much / little wage, 而不說 many / few ： are high in this ． has a rise in her 。 與be ignorant（1）ignore 裝作不知，故意不理睬（２）be ignorant 不知道，沒意識到． ignores the doctor’s adcice and goes on （忽視）醫(yī)生的忠告而繼續(xù)抽煙． was ignorant(of the fact)that the boss could be so ．３．calm, quiet, still 與 silent（1）calm平靜的，沉重著的．指無風(fēng)浪或人的心情不激動；（２）quiet 寧靜的，安靜的．指沒有聲音，不吵鬧或心里沒有煩惱、焦慮；（３）still 靜止的，不動的．指沒有運動或動作的狀態(tài)；（４）silent 寂靜的，沉默的，不發(fā)音的．指沒有聲音或不講話． 如： kept calm in face of great ． leads a quiet 。 the children to keep ． keep/stay still while I take your 。４．concern, anxiety, care 與 worry(1)concern 語氣較輕，指對非常下的人或物的擔(dān)憂；(２)anxiety “ 擔(dān)憂，掛念，焦急＂，指對未來的事或不能確定的的不安，主要是怕發(fā)生不辛的事，但并非消極的悲觀失望，而是積極地希望避免不辛，另外還有渴望做某事或獲得某事的含義；（3）care “擔(dān)心，掛念，操心”，不僅指感情上的擔(dān)憂，也包括在理智上對某事的掛念和操心；(4)worry＂擔(dān)心，煩惱，操心＂，是日常用語，指過分的擔(dān)心或無濟(jì)于事的憂慮等．如： child’s future was his greatest ． his confidence in work increased , his anxieties about it ，他對工作的擔(dān)憂消失了． had made him look ten years ． much worry had made him look like an old ．５．in order to, so as to 與 so …as to(1)in order to 引導(dǎo)的不定式作目的狀語，可置于句首或句末．(２)so as to 引導(dǎo)的不定式作目的狀語，起位置一般在句末． order to catch the train, he hurried through his ，他匆匆忙忙完成了工作．（表目的） hurried through his work in order to / so as to catch the ，他匆匆忙忙完成了工作．（表目的）(３)so … as to 結(jié)構(gòu)中，so + adj./ to do 表示一個結(jié)果，意為達(dá)到某種程度．如： was so kind as to help the old lady off the ． you be so kind as to lead me to the hospital? 請你把我?guī)У结t(yī)院去好嗎？指點迷津：（１）否定結(jié)構(gòu)：in order not to do 和 so as not to do.(2)主語從句主語一致時，才能用 in order to 或 so as to 來引導(dǎo)，否則，改用so that 或 in order that 來引導(dǎo)． order to see it clearly, I put on my galsses.= I put on my glasses in order to see it clearly.= I put on my glasses as to see it ，我戴上了眼鏡．= I put on my glasses to see it clearly.= To see it clearly, I put on my , force, strength 與power(1)energy 主要指 “人的精力＂, ＂自然界的能力＂(２)force 主要指＂非自然界的力量，暴力，勢力，說服力，壓制力，法律、道德或感情的力量，軍事的力量＂等．總之，它是活動過程中的力量。（３）str