【導(dǎo)讀】《敗壞了赫德萊堡的人》是馬克吐溫晚年的一部代表作品，在這部小說中，馬克吐溫表現(xiàn)出了悲觀主義思想。他剖析了在誘惑面前人性表現(xiàn)出的的黑暗和這。本文試圖借助新歷史主義的觀點(diǎn)來。悲觀主義情緒在《敗壞了赫德萊堡的人》這部小說中的具體體現(xiàn)。作以及后來的作家產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。

　　

【正文】 rupted the Hadleyburg, there is a preliminary expression of fatalism in the figure of the Richards. And the idea of fatalism affected his later creation of another novel. That was The Mysterious Stranger. In the Man that Corrupted the Hadleyburg, Mark Twain held the view that God controlled everything and man could not dominate their destiny. Based on fatalism, he developed a sense of nihilism in The Mysterious Stranger. He believed that man was just a form to carry energy. All is a dream, and everything does not exit except the empty space. It is evident that in his later life, Twain’s mind is filled with pessimism and despair, so do his works. 2 Effects to later writers Mark Twain’s pessimism not only affected his later writing, but also had a profound effect on later writers. In the late of 19th century, there was a moral wasteland caused by the uncontrolled material and political development in America. Some thinkers and writers, therefore, became pessimistic to American society just as Mark Twain. Naturalism was transplanted from France to the USA in the last ten years of 19th century. And it developed to a mainstream in American literature by the middle of 20th century. Vernon Parrington ever summed up six standards of naturalistic novel, two of which were fatalism philosophy and pessimism. (Horton, Rod. and Edwards 292) Mark Twain, as a realist, affected the development of Naturalism because he was also pessimistic and began to develop a sense of fatalism in his old ages. Corrupting value and distorted morality of American society, the theme of the writings in his last 20 years, was also the one naturalistic writers tried to explore in their works. Conclusion The Man that Corrupted the Hadleyburg was a representative of satire novel of Mark Twain. In this work, his pessimism was revealed. Mark Twain was pessimistic to human nature and he became to believe in fatalism. In his mind, there were no merits in human nature. All people were selfish, greedy and malicious. He also believed in fatalism. When people were faced with temptation, they could not refuse it but be tempted by it. They explained their destiny to the order of God. He displayed his pessimism by designing a bizarre plot and creating the characters of the stranger and the Richards. His pessimistic idea greatly affected his later writing. In What is Man, he became totally pessimistic to human nature。 in The Mysterious Stranger, he developed fatalism to nihilism. From Mark Twain’s pessimism, readers can understand the evil of money and illusion of democracy in American society. We should not be critical about his pessimism. Instead, we should think about whether we can withstand temptation when we face it. Works Cited Elliot, E. Columbia Literary History of the United States. Chengdu: Sichuan University Press, 1994. Howells. My Mark Twain. New York: New York Harpers Press, 1910. Horton, Rod, and Edwards. Backgrounds of American Literary Thought. New Jersey: PrenticeHall， Inc. 1974. Twain, Mark. The Man that Corrupted the Hadleyburg. Peking: Tsinghua University Press, 20xx. Twain, Mark. The Autobiography of Mark Twain. Peking: Peking Normal University Press, 1994. 董衡巽， 《 馬克吐溫畫像 》 . 上海：上海文藝出版社， 1991. 陳慧姝 ， 馬克吐溫晚年悲觀主義及其產(chǎn)生原因初探 .學(xué)理 論 ,20xx， 31021702. 高麗萍 ， 馬克吐溫的思想變遷解析 .學(xué)理論 , 20xx(31). 童彥 ， 馬克 吐溫小說中的幽默與諷刺藝術(shù) .湖北成人教育學(xué)院學(xué)報 , 20xx,18(4). 楊愛英 ， 《敗壞了赫德萊堡的人》創(chuàng)作特色探析 .外語研究 , 20xx(04). 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）原創(chuàng)性聲明和使用授權(quán)說明 原創(chuàng)性聲明 本人鄭重承諾：所呈交的畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文），是我個人在指導(dǎo)教師的指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行的研究工作及取得的成果。盡我所知，除文中特別加以標(biāo)注和致謝的地方外，不包含其他人或組織已經(jīng)發(fā)表或公布過的研究成果，也不包含 我為獲得 及其它教育機(jī)構(gòu)的學(xué)位或?qū)W歷而使用過的材料。對本研究提供過幫助和做出過貢獻(xiàn)的個人或集體，均已在文中作了明確的說明并表示了謝意。 作 者 簽 名： 日 期： 指導(dǎo)教師簽名： 日 期： 使用授權(quán)說明 本人完全了解 大學(xué)關(guān)于收集、保存、使用畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）的規(guī)定，即：按照學(xué)校要求提交畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）的印刷本和電子版本；學(xué)校有權(quán)保存畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）的印刷本和電子版，并提供目錄 檢索與閱覽服務(wù)；學(xué)校可以采用影印、縮印、數(shù)字化或其它復(fù)制手段保存論文；在不以贏利為目的前提下，學(xué)?？梢怨颊撐牡牟糠只蛉績?nèi)容。 作者簽名： 日 期： 學(xué)位論文原創(chuàng)性聲明 本人鄭重聲明：所呈交的論文是本人在導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)下獨(dú)立進(jìn)行研究所取得的研究成果。除了文中特別加以標(biāo)注引用的內(nèi)容外，本論文不包含任何其他個人或集體已經(jīng)發(fā)表或撰寫的成果作品。對本文的研究做出重要貢獻(xiàn)的個人和集體，均已在文中以明確方式標(biāo)明。本人完全意識到本聲明的法律后果由本人承 擔(dān)。 作者簽名： 日期： 年 月 日 學(xué)位論文版權(quán)使用授權(quán)書 本學(xué)位論文作者完全了解學(xué)校有關(guān)保留、使用學(xué)位論文的規(guī)定，同意學(xué)校保留并向國家有關(guān)部門或機(jī)構(gòu)送交論文的復(fù)印件和電子版，允許論文被查閱和借閱。本人授權(quán) 大學(xué)可以將本學(xué)位論文的全部或部分內(nèi)容編入有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行檢索，可以采用影印、縮印或掃描等復(fù)制手段保存和匯編本學(xué)位論文。 涉密論文按學(xué)校規(guī)定處理。 作者簽名： 日期： 年 月 日 導(dǎo)師簽名： 日期： 年 月 日 注 意 事 項 （論文）的內(nèi)容包括： 1）封面（按教務(wù)處制定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)封面格式制作） 2）原創(chuàng)性聲明 3）中文摘要（ 300 字左右）、關(guān)鍵詞 4）外文摘要、關(guān)鍵詞 5）目次頁（附件不統(tǒng)一編入） 6）論文主體部分：引言（或緒論）、正文、結(jié)論 7）參考文獻(xiàn) 8）致謝 9）附錄（對論文支持必要時） ：理工類設(shè)計（論文）正文字?jǐn)?shù)不少于 1 萬字（不包括圖紙、程序清單等），文科類論文正文字?jǐn)?shù)不少于 萬字。 ：任務(wù)書、開題報告、外文譯文、譯文原文（復(fù)印件）。 、圖 表要求： 1）文字通順，語言流暢，書寫字跡工整，打印字體及大小符合要求，無錯別字，不準(zhǔn)請他人代寫 2）工程設(shè)計類題目的圖紙，要求部分用尺規(guī)繪制，部分用計算機(jī)繪制，所有圖紙應(yīng)符合國家技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范。圖表整潔，布局合理，文字注釋必須使用工程字書寫，不準(zhǔn)用徒手畫 3）畢業(yè)論文須用 A4 單面打印，論文 50 頁以上的雙面打印 4）圖表應(yīng)繪制于無格子的頁面上 5）軟件工程類課題應(yīng)有程序清單，并提供電子文檔 1）設(shè)計（論文） 2）附件：按照任務(wù)書、開題報告、外文譯文、譯文原文（復(fù)印件）次序裝訂 3）其它