【導(dǎo)讀】本文闡釋了個(gè)人主義在中美兩國人民的認(rèn)識中存在的差異。為個(gè)人主義是一種個(gè)性，而中國人則認(rèn)為它代表的就是自私。異的根本原因在于中美兩國不同的文化背景。作為社會(huì)發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物和文化。現(xiàn)象，個(gè)人主義不應(yīng)該用“對”或是“錯(cuò)”來衡量，而作為馬克思主義者，就更加應(yīng)該客觀、公正的看待從不同文化當(dāng)中衍生出來的東西。正確認(rèn)識個(gè)人主義必須從美國文化當(dāng)中理解個(gè)人主義。只有真正認(rèn)識、理。及對個(gè)人主義錯(cuò)誤的運(yùn)用。在此之后，也就可以將個(gè)人主義中積極合理的。一面應(yīng)用到中國社會(huì)的發(fā)展中，并以此來完善和發(fā)展自己。

　　

【正文】 it is hard for Chinese people to accept a new idea that quite different from their faith. Hushi represents the other side。 he advocates “the sound individualism”, which leads the young to liberate their thoughts, break through the traditional values those bases on family and motherland, and frees their individuality. The real individualism is individuality, it has two characteristics: first is independent thinking, which means refuse to follow other people’ thoughts, and opinions。 second is to be responsible for one’s belief, which means not dare the authority, only accept the truth, and think less of one’s own interests. However, in Chinese culture individualism only refers to selfish, which is quite different from it in American culture, for in America, God give one’s own interests and it takes to be granted. In 1918, Hushi said that developing one’ individuality, two ways should be followed. One is the sense of freedom。 the other is the 15 responsibility of one’s own. His theory plays an important role in the development of Chinese society. The Influence of Individualism on Chinese Society As a collectivism country, the developing way of individualism in China is tortuous. China puts collective interests in the first place and always advocates sacrificing individual’s interests to satisfy the interest of collective. Therefore, when individualism appears in China, it really hits the concept of Chinese people. Just as the thinkers realize, individualism could be agreed in America not because it gives a proper reason for the people to be selfish, but it emphasizes the characteristic and selfworth of individual。 gives spaces and motives for selfdevelopment. So based on that situation, new generation in China realize how important individualism is and try their best to take advantage of its positive side to develop themselves and develop the society of China. After the realization of the positive side of individualism, leaders in early days lead Chinese revolution to success again and again. If there is no emphasis on selfconsciousness and selfrevolution in individualism, Chinese people maybe still bare the imperialism, bureaucrat, and feudalism. During the construction of socialist China, individualism also plays an important role both in the construction of building a socialist country with Chinese characteristics and the lodging of the principle of one country, two systems which put forward by Deng Xiaoping. China is in the primary stage of socialism， and proper 16 developing way is needed urgently. After the disanization of Soviet Union and the drastic changes in Eastern Europe, the leader of China realized that China’s development should not totally depend on other countries’ help and experience. In the Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Deng Xiaoping first set forth the principle of building a socialist country with Chinese characteristics. That is not only the theme of that Congress but also the guiding ideology of the next new century’s Reforming and Opening and the construction of modernism. China can achieve the strong and prosperous only after China finds a suitable developing way for itself. After Hong Kong returned to China, a lot of people worried that in the future there must be many problems of Ho ng Kong’s development and construction. However, that is not the case. Relying on the principle of one country, two systems, Hong Kong takes selfgovernment and receives a brandnew prosperity. Therefore, individualism has a positive influence in China. It means characteristics and individuality. However, based on the erroneous and radical recognitions toward individualism, more Chinese people receive and take advantages of its negative side. Under the situation of market economy, law of the jungle bees a habit to everyone. In order to survive in that situation, many people choose to sacrifice others’ interests. In China, especially in the young generation, which influenced by individualism, they bee more selfish and indifferent, for they only follow the trend of the globalizing and they do not realize the cultural 17 implication of that phenomenon. If individualism be accepted in America because of the belief to emphasize their individuality and selfworth it gives to American people, it is quite contrary in China, just because of individualism, people hold a basis to be nonchalant. Chinese Attitude towards Individualism The recognition towards individualism in China is narrow. The definition of individualism in Chinese dictionary CiHai indicates only selfishness. In the high school’ textbook, individualism is described as a kind of ideology which is egocentric and only care about the interests of one’s own, and sometimes one can sacrifice other people’s interests to satisfy his own. China is greatly influenced by Confucianism, and the loyalty advocated by Confucianism has been taken advantage by the ruling class for thousands of years to rule the people. On the contrary, in America, individual’s interest is born with the right. American people regard the Bible, which affirmed the selfinterest and equal rights for all the people, as their guideline. So, in the treatment of individualism, American people are much open and objective than Chinese people. Chinese people bined collective with individual in every day life, and they always consider collective as sacred, which is quite different from western people who treat collective as a place where they can gain their achievement and take good advantages of it. Therefore, Chinese people care about collective much more than western people. 18 With the trend of globalizing and the enhance of the mutual influence of countries in the world, more and more Chinese people begin to accept the new thoughts and new life style of western