【正文】 e analysis of stepping motor in power calculating and style selecting is also analysis of kinematics and dynamics for object holding manipulator is given in pleting the design of mechanical structure and drive industrial approaches to robot arm control treat each joint of the robot arm as a simple joint servomechanism approach models the varying dynamics of a manipulator inadequately because it neglects the motion and configuration of the whole arm changes in the parameters of the controlled system sometimes are significant enough to render conventional feedback control strategies result is reduced servo response speed and damping, limiting the precision and speed of the endeffecter and making it appropriate only for limitedprecision controlled in this manner move at slow speeds with unnecessary significant performance gain in this and other areas of robot arm control require the consideration of more efficient dynamic models, sophisticated control approaches, and the use of dedicated puter architectures and parallel processing the industrial production and other fields, people often endangered by such factors as high temperature, corrode, poisonous gas and so forth at work, which have increased labor intensity and even jeopardized the life corresponding problems are solved since the robot arm es arms can catch, put and carry objects, and its movements are flexible and applies to medium and smallscale automated production in which production varieties can be it is widely used on soft automatic robot arms are generally made by withstand high temperatures, resist corrosion of materials to adapt to the harsh they reduced the labor intensity of the workers significantly and raised work robot arm is an important ponent of industrial robot, and it can be called industrial robots on many robot is set machinery, electronics, control, puters, sensors, artificial intelligence and other advanced technologies in the integration of multidisciplinary important modern manufacturing using industrial robots, not only can improve product quality and production, but also is of great significance for physical security protection, improvement of the environment for labor, reducing labor intensity, improvement of labor productivity, raw material consumption savings and lowering production are such mechanical ponents as ball footbridge, slides, air control mechanical hand and so on in the programmable controller, a programming device, stepping motors, stepping motors drives, direct current motors, sensors, switch power supply, an electromagnetism valve and control desk are used in electrical is the automated production of a kind used in the process of crawling and moving piece features automatic device, which is mechanized and automated production process developed a new type of recent years, as electronic technology, especially puter extensive use of robot development and production of hightech fields has bee a rapidly developed a new technology, which further promoted the development of robot, allowing robot to better achieved with the bination of mechanization and can replace humans pleted the risk of duplication of boring work, to reduce human labor intensity and improve labor has been applied more and more widely, in the machinery industry, it can be used for parts assembly, work piece handling, loading and unloading, particularly in the automation of CNC machine tools, modular machine tools more monly present, the robot has developed into a FMS flexible manufacturing systems and flexible manufacturing cell in an important ponent of the machine tool equipment and machinery in hand together constitute a flexible manufacturing system or a flexible manufacturing cell, it was adapted to small and medium volume production, you can save a huge amount of the work piece conveyor device, pact, and the work piece changes, flexible production system is very easy to change will help enterprises to continuously update the marketable variety, improve product quality, and better adapt to market present, China39。s industrial robot technology and its engineering application level and parable to foreign countries there is a certain distance, application and industrialization of the size of the low level of robot research and development of a direct impact on raising the level of automation in China, from the economy, technical considerations are very , the study of mechanical hand design is very 機器人是典型的機電一體化裝置，它綜合運用了機械與精密機械、微電子與計算機、自動控制與驅(qū)動、傳感器與信息處理以及人工智能等多學(xué)科的最新研究成果，隨著經(jīng)濟技術(shù)的發(fā)展和各行各業(yè)對自動化程度要求的提高，機器人技術(shù)得到了迅速發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)了各種各樣的機器人產(chǎn)品。現(xiàn)代工業(yè)機器人是人類真正的奇跡工程。更重要的是這些機器人可以每天24小時不停止地工作。在許多應(yīng)用中他們是通過編程控制的，但是他們一旦編程一次，他們可以重復(fù)地做同一個工作許多年。機器人產(chǎn)品的實用化，既解決了許多單靠人力難以解決的實際問題，又促進了工業(yè)自動化的進程。目前，由于機器人的研制和開發(fā)涉及多方面的技術(shù)，系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，開發(fā)和研制的成本普遍較高，在某種程度上限制了該項技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用，因此，研制經(jīng)濟型、實用化、高可靠性機器人系統(tǒng)具有廣泛的社會現(xiàn)實意義和經(jīng)濟價值。由于我國經(jīng)濟建設(shè)和城市化的快速發(fā)展，城市污染排水放量增長很快，污水處理已經(jīng)擺在了人們的議事日程上來。隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展和人類知識水平的提高，人們越來越認識到污水處理的重要性和迫切性，科學(xué)家和研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)塑料制品在水中時用于污水處理的很有效地污泥菌群的附著體。塑料制品的大量需求，使得塑料制品生產(chǎn)的自動化和高效率要求成為經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的必然。本文結(jié)合塑料一次擠出成型機和塑料抓取機械手的研制過程中出現(xiàn)的問題，綜述近幾年機器人技術(shù)研究和發(fā)展的狀況，在從分發(fā)揮機、電、軟、硬件各自特點和優(yōu)勢互補的基礎(chǔ)上，對物料抓取機械手整體機械結(jié)構(gòu)、傳動系統(tǒng)、驅(qū)動裝置和控制系統(tǒng)進行了分析和設(shè)計，提出了一套經(jīng)濟型設(shè)計方案。采用直角坐標(biāo)和關(guān)節(jié)坐標(biāo)相結(jié)合的框架式機械結(jié)構(gòu)形式，這種方式能夠提高系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性和操作靈活性。傳動裝置的作用是將驅(qū)動元件的動力傳遞給機器人機械手相應(yīng)的執(zhí)行機構(gòu)，以實現(xiàn)各種必要的運動，傳動方式上采用結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、傳動比答得蝸輪蝸桿傳動和將旋轉(zhuǎn)運動轉(zhuǎn)換為直線運動的螺旋傳動。機械手驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計往往受到作業(yè)環(huán)境條件的限制，同時也要考慮價格因素的影響以及能夠達到的技術(shù)水平。由于步進電機能都直接接收數(shù)字量，響應(yīng)速度快而且工作可靠并無累計誤差，常用作數(shù)字控制系統(tǒng)驅(qū)動機構(gòu)的動力元件，因此，在驅(qū)動裝置中采用由步進電機構(gòu)成的環(huán)控制方式，這種方式技能滿足控制精度的要求，又能達到經(jīng)濟型、實用化目的。目前的工業(yè)機械臂控制將每一個機械臂的聯(lián)合看做一個簡單的聯(lián)合伺服。伺服方法不能從分地模仿不同的動力學(xué)機械手，因為它忽略了機械手整體的運動和配置。這些控制系統(tǒng)的參數(shù)的變化有時是足夠重要，以至于使常規(guī)的反饋控制方法失效。其結(jié)果是減少了伺服相應(yīng)的速度和阻尼，限制了京都和最終效應(yīng)的速度，使系統(tǒng)僅適用于有限精度的工作。機械手以這種方式控制速度降低而沒有不必要的震動。任何在這一領(lǐng)域和其它領(lǐng)域的機械臂性能增益要求更有效率的動態(tài)模型、精密的控制方法、專門的計算機架構(gòu)和并行處理技術(shù)。在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和其它領(lǐng)域內(nèi)，由于工作的需要，人們經(jīng)常受到高溫、腐蝕及有毒氣體等因素的危害，增加了工人的勞動強度，甚至于危及生命。自從機械手問世以來，相應(yīng)的各種難題迎刃而解。機械手可在空間抓、放、搬運物體，動作靈活多樣，適用于可變換生產(chǎn)品種的中、小批量自動化生產(chǎn)，廣泛應(yīng)用于柔性自動線。機械手一般由耐高溫，抗腐蝕的材料制成，以適應(yīng)現(xiàn)場惡劣環(huán)境，大大降低了工人的勞動強度，提高了工作效率。機械手是工業(yè)機器人的重要組成部分，在很多情況下它就可以稱為工業(yè)機器人。工業(yè)機器人集機械、電子、控制、計算機、傳感器、人工智能等多學(xué)科先進技術(shù)于一體化的現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)重要的自動化裝備。廣泛采用工業(yè)機器人，不僅可以提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量與產(chǎn)量，而且對保障人身安全，改善勞動環(huán)境，減輕勞動強度，提高勞動生產(chǎn)率，節(jié)約原材料消耗以及