【導讀】示單片機，它最早是被用在工業(yè)控制領(lǐng)域。單片機由芯片內(nèi)僅有CPU的專用處理器發(fā)。最早的設(shè)計理念是通過將大量外圍設(shè)備和CPU集成在一個芯片中，使計算機。系統(tǒng)更小，更容易集成進復雜的而對體積要求嚴格的控制設(shè)備當中。早按照這種思想設(shè)計出的處理器，從此以后，單片機和專用處理器的發(fā)展便分道揚鑣。早期的單片機都是8位或4位的。其中最成功的是INTEL的8031，因為簡單可靠。而性能不錯獲得了很大的好評。這一系統(tǒng)的單片機系統(tǒng)直到現(xiàn)在還在廣泛使用。出現(xiàn)了16位單片機，但因為性價比不理想并未得到很廣泛的應用。90年代后隨著消費。電子產(chǎn)品大發(fā)展，單片機技術(shù)得到了巨大提高。隨著INTELi960系列特別是后來的ARM. 系列的廣泛應用，32位單片機迅速取代16位單片機的高端地位，并且進入主流市場。而普通的型號出廠價格跌落至1美元，最高端的型號也只有10美元。而在作為掌上電腦和手機核心處理的高端單片機甚至可以直接使用?！，F(xiàn)代人類生活中所用的幾乎每件電子和機械產(chǎn)

　　

【正文】 was. Therefore, the MCU learning, development and application of the large number of puter applications and intelligent control of the scientists, engineers. SCM is widely used in instruments and meters, household appliances, medical equipment, aerospace, specialized equipment, intelligent management and process control fields, roughly divided into the following several areas: 1. In the application of Intelligent Instruments SCM has a small size, low power consumption, controlling function, expansion flexibility, the advantages of miniaturization and ease of use, widely used instrument, bining different types of sensors can be realized Zhuru voltage, power, frequency, humidity, temperature, flow, speed, thickness, angle, length, hardness, elemental, physical pressure measurement. SCM makes use of digital instruments, intelligence, miniaturization, and functionality than electronic or digital circuits more powerful. Such as precision measuring equipment (power meter, oscilloscope, various analytical instrument). 2. In the industrial control application With the MCU can constitute a variety of control systems, data acquisition system. Such as factory assembly line of intelligent control 3. In Household Appliances can be said that the appliances are basically using SCM, praise from the electric 11 rice, washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, color TV, and other audio video equipment, to the electronic weighing equipment, varied, and omnipresent. 4. In the field of puter works and munications applications MCU general with modern munication interface, can be easy with the puter data munication, working and munications in puter applications between devices had excellent material conditions, are basically all munication equipment to achieve a controlled by MCU from mobile phone, telephone, miniprogramcontrolled switchboards, building automated munications call system, train radio munication, to the daily work can be seen everywhere in the mobile phones, trunked mobile radio, walkietalkies, etc.. 5. Microputer in the field of medical device applications SCM in the use of medical devices is also quite extensive, such as medical respirator, the various analyzers, monitors, ultrasound diagnostic equipment and hospital beds, etc. call system. 6. In a variety of major appliances in the modular applications Designed to achieve some special single specific function to be modular in a variety of circuit applications, without requiring the use of personnel to understand its internal structure. If music integrated single chip, seemingly simple function, miniature electronic chip in the (the principle is different from the tape machine), you need a puter similar to the principle of the plex. Such as: music signal to digital form stored in memory (like ROM), read by the microcontroller, analog music into electrical signals (similar to the sound card). In large circuits, modular applications that greatly reduce the volume, simplifies the circuit and reduce the damage, error rate, but also easy to replace. 7. Microcontroller in the application field of automotive equipment SCM in automotive electronics is widely used, such as a vehicle engine controller, CAN busbased Intelligent Electronic Control Engine, GPS 12 navigation system, abs antilock braking system, brake system, etc. In addition, the MCU in business, finance, research, education, national defense, aerospace and other fields has a very wide range of applications.