【正文】 詹姆斯頓殖民地行進(jìn)。船上的一百名乘客都是朝圣者，他們正在尋找一個(gè)地方，在那里他們能以自己特有的方式敬仰上帝。由于狂風(fēng)和兇猛的暴風(fēng)雨，“五月花號(hào)”迷失了航向。1620年12月份，這一群勇敢的殖民者最終不得不在位于馬薩諸塞州巖石嶙嶙海岸的普利茅斯登陸。當(dāng)時(shí)正是北方嚴(yán)冬時(shí)期，他們將面對(duì)的是充滿了饑餓、疾病和死亡的極其可怕的幾個(gè)月。朝圣者中只有最為強(qiáng)壯的人活過了那個(gè)冬天。許多婦女把她們少得可憐的口糧留給了自己的孩子，自己卻死于饑餓。生活條件在1621年的春天開始改善：有了野菜、漿果和水果以及充足的魚和野禽。因此，盡管缺乏狩獵、捕魚的技巧和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他們也能夠獲得足夠的新鮮肉類。由于天氣變暖和飲食的改善，殖民者們的健康狀況得以好轉(zhuǎn)。在秋天，他們回顧了過去的一年，既遺憾又感激。最初的一百名乘客只有五十人存活了下來，人類生命的代價(jià)和和悲劇是如此巨大。另一方面，他們看到了未來的新希望。在他們身后是（秋天的）一個(gè)大豐收，他們充滿自信地為第二個(gè)冬天的到來做好了準(zhǔn)備。他們有十一所用于抵御嚴(yán)冬的簡(jiǎn)陋房屋，其中的七所為家庭所有，四所作為公用。最重要的是，在馬薩索特酋長(zhǎng)的監(jiān)管下，他們?cè)谙奶炫c其印第安鄰居訂立了友好協(xié)定。林地和森林變安全了。那年夏天，當(dāng)“五月花號(hào)”返回英格蘭的時(shí)候，船上沒有一名殖民者。在他們定居新家的第一年年底，這些朝圣者想以一個(gè)真正的節(jié)日來慶祝，這便是他們的第一個(gè)感恩節(jié)。Section II Reading ComprehensionEach of the two passages below is followed by five each question there are four the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the your choice in the brackets on the left.(10 points)Text 1 ①It doesn?t e as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can?t remember it.②You just waste your valuable time.③Maybe you have already discovered some clever ways to keep yourself from forgetting.①One dependable aid that does help you remember what you study is to have a specific purpose or reason for reading.②You remember better what you read when you know why you?re reading.①Why does a clerk in a store go away and leave you when your reply to her offer to help is, “No, thank ?m just looking”? ②Both you and she know that if you aren?t sure what you want, you are not likely to find it.③But suppose you say instead, “Yes, thank want a pair of sun glasses.” ④She says, “Right this way, please.” ⑤And you and she are offboth eager to look for exactly what you want.①It?s quite the same with your studying.②If you chose a book at random, “just looking” for nothing in particular, you are likely to get just thatnothing.③But if you do know what you want, and if you have the right book, you are almost sure to get it.④Your reasons will vary。they will include reading or studying “to find out more about”, “to understand the reasons for”, “to find out how”.⑤A good student has a clear purpose or reason for what he is doing.①This is the way it works.②Before you start to study, you say to yourself something like this, “I want to know why Stephen Vincent Benet happened to write about ?m reading this article to find out.” ③Or, “I?m going to skim this story to see what life was like in medieval England.” ④Because you know why you are reading or studying, you relate the information to your purpose and remember it better.①Reading is not one single activity.②At least two important processes go on at the same time.③As you read, you take in ideas rapidly and accurately.④But at the same time you express your own ideas to yourself as you react to what you read.⑤You have a kind of mental conversation with the author.⑥If you expressed your ideas orally, they might sound like this: “Yes, I ?s my opinion too.” or “Ummmm, I thought that record was broken much ?d better check those dates,” or “But there are some other facts to be considered!” ⑦You don?t just sit there taking in ideasyou do something else, and that something else is very important.①This additional process of thinking about what you read includes evaluating it, relating it to what you already know, and using it for your own purposes.②In other words, a good reader is a critical reader.③One part of critical reading, as you have discovered, is distinguishing between facts and opinions.④Facts can be checked by evidence.⑤Opinions are one?s own personal reactions.①Another part of critical reading is judging sources.②Still another part is drawing accurate 、詞匯1．make no difference沒有...作用或影響2．specific 3．suppose ,以為,認(rèn)為4．a(chǎn)t random隨便地，任意地 5．happen to(do sth)碰巧（做某事）6．skim 7．react to對(duì)...做出反應(yīng)8．take in接受，理解二、長(zhǎng)難句 doesn?t e as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can?t remember doesn?t e as a surprise to you，其中it為形式主語，真正的主語是后面的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to realize that …，that引導(dǎo)的從句做realize的賓語。賓語從句為主從復(fù)合句，句末為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，主干為it makes no difference，其中it為形式主語，真正的主語是后面的what you read or study。翻譯：如果你不能記住你所讀或者所學(xué)的東西，那你讀什么或?qū)W什么就無關(guān)緊要了，這一點(diǎn)毫不出奇。三、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析這篇文章主要探討閱讀和學(xué)習(xí)中記憶的方法。文章段落分散，語言平實(shí)易懂，總體可以分為三個(gè)部分。第一部分為第一段，提出現(xiàn)象：指出記憶對(duì)于閱讀或?qū)W習(xí)的重要性，并且記憶需要聰明的方法。第二部分為第二至五段，敘述幫助記憶的方法之一：有目的或有原因的閱讀。以購(gòu)物過程和閱讀過程做類比說明，有目的或有原因的閱讀可以幫助讀者獲得明確信息并進(jìn)行良好記憶。第三部分為第六至八段，論述閱讀的過程——理解內(nèi)容和批判性地思考評(píng)估內(nèi)容，而后者又包括區(qū)分事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)、評(píng)判信息來源和進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確推理。四、試題具體分析 you cannot remember what yo，________。[A] 這毫不出奇[B] 這意味著你沒有真正學(xué)到任何東西 [C] 這意味著你沒有選對(duì)閱讀的書籍[D] 你意識(shí)到這無所謂 [A] it is no surprise [B] it means you have not really learned anything [C] it means you have not chosen the right book [D] you realize it is of no importance 【分析】本題所考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出如果你不能記住你所讀或所學(xué)的內(nèi)容的話，就是在浪費(fèi)寶貴的時(shí)間，即你沒有從中學(xué)到任何東西，[B]選項(xiàng)正確。[A]和[D]選項(xiàng)偷換概念，第一段指出，如果不能記住所讀或所學(xué)的內(nèi)容，那么所讀或所學(xué)內(nèi)容無關(guān)緊要，這一點(diǎn)毫不出奇，而非“不能記住所讀或所學(xué)內(nèi)容”不出奇或無關(guān)緊要。[C]選項(xiàng)無干干擾，從文中無從推知。 you start reading, it i[A] to make sure why you are reading [B] to relate the information to your purpose [C] to remember what you read [D] to choose an interesting book，有必要________。[A] 確定你閱讀的原因 [B] 將信息與目的聯(lián)系起來 [C] 記住你所讀的內(nèi)容 [D] 選擇有趣的讀物【分析】本題所考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段提出一種幫助記憶的可靠方法，即有目的或有原因的閱讀，換句話說，就是在閱讀前確定閱讀的目的或原因。[A]選項(xiàng)正確。[B]和[C]選項(xiàng)張冠李戴，它們是閱讀和記憶過程中的步驟，而非閱讀前的步驟。[D]選項(xiàng)無中生有。 activity invo[A] only two simultaneous processes [B] primarily learning about ideas and evaluating them critically [C] merely distinguishing between facts and opinions [D] mainly drawing accurate inferences。[A] 僅僅兩個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的過程[B] 主要是理解內(nèi)容和批判性地評(píng)估內(nèi)容[C] 僅僅區(qū)分事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn) [D] 主要進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確推理【分析】本題所考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞reading activity定位到文章第六段。第六段首句指出閱讀并非一項(xiàng)獨(dú)立的行為，它包括至少兩個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的重要過程。③④句列出這兩個(gè)過程：迅速而準(zhǔn)確地理解內(nèi)容和以自己的思維表述對(duì)所讀內(nèi)容的反應(yīng)。[B]選項(xiàng)是對(duì)這兩個(gè)過程的同義改寫，為正確項(xiàng)。[A]選項(xiàng)以偏概全，第六段首句指出閱讀行為至少包括（at least）兩個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的過程，而非僅僅（only）這兩個(gè)過程。[C]和[D]選項(xiàng)張冠李戴，“區(qū)分事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)”和“進(jìn)行正確推理”是最后兩段提到的“對(duì)所閱讀的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行思考的附加過程”的部分內(nèi)容，而非閱讀行為的直接過程。一般而言，帶有絕對(duì)意味的限定性詞語的選項(xiàng)（如only和merely）都不是正確項(xiàng)。 good reader is one 。[A] relates what he reads to his own knowledge about [A] 將其所讀的內(nèi)容與其了解的主題相關(guān)知識(shí)聯(lián)系the subject matter 起來[B] does lots of thinking in his reading [B] 在閱讀過程中進(jìn)行大量思考 [C] takes a