【正文】 156:385388 52 Lau WY, Ngan H, Chu KW, Yuen WK. Repeat selective visceral angiography in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin. Brh J Surg 1989。76:226229 53 McDonald ML, Farnell MB, Stanson AW, Ress AM. Preoperative highly selective catheter localization of occult smallintestinal hemorrhage with methylene blue dye. Arch Surg 1995。130:106108 54 Ettorre GC, Francioso G, Garribba AP, Fracella MR, Greco A, Farchi G. Helical CT angiography in gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin. American Journal of Roentgenology 1997。168:727731 55 Koval G, Benner KG, Rosch J, Kozak BE. Aggressive angiographic diagnosis in acute lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Dig Dis Sci 1987。32:24825356 Bloomfeld RS, Smith TP, Schneider AM, Rockey DC. Provocative angiography in patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage of obscure origin. Am J Gastroenterol 2000。95(10):2807281257 Berkelhammer C, Radvany A, Lin A, Hopkins W, Principe J. Heparin provocation for endoscopic localization of recurrent obscure GI hemorrhage. Gastrointest Endosc 2000。52:555556 58 Cave DR, Cooley JS. Intraoperative enteroscopy. Indications and techniques. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America 1996。6:79380259 Lau WY, Wong SY, Yuen WK, Wong KK. Intraoperative enteroscopy for bleeding angiodysplasias of small intestine. Surgery, Gynecology amp。 Obstetrics 1989。168:341344 60 Ress AM, Benacci JC, Sarr MG. Efficacy of intraoperative enteroscopy in diagnosis and prevention of recurrent, occult gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Surg 1992。163:9498 61 Lau WY, Yuen WK, Chu KW, Poon GP, Li AK. Obscure bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract originating in the small intestine. Surgery, Gynecology amp。 Obstetrics 1992。174:11912462 Zaman A, Sheppard B, Katon RM. Total peroral intraoperative enteroscopy for obscure GI bleeding using a dedicated push enteroscope: diagnostic yield and patient oute. Gastrointest Endosc 1999。50:506510 63 Douard R, Wind P, Panis Y, Marteau P, Bouhnik Y, Cellier C. Intraoperative enteroscopy for diagnosis and management of unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Surg 2000。180:181184 64 Askin MP, Lewis BS. Push enteroscopic cauterization: longterm followup of 83 patients with bleeding small intestinal angiodysplasia. Gastrointest Endosc 1996。43:580583 65 Morris AJ, Mokhashi , Straiton M, Murray L, Mackenzie JF. Push enteroscopy and heater probe therapy for small bowel bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc 1996。44:394397 66 Barkin JS, Ross BS. Medical therapy for chronic gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin. Am J Gastroenterol 1998。93:12501254 67 van Cutsem E, Rutgeerts P, Vantrappen G. Treatment of bleeding gastrointestinal vascular malformations with oestrogenprogesterone. Lancet 1990。335:953955 68 Junquera F, Feu F, Papo M, Videla S, Armengol JR, Bordas JM. A multicenter, randomized, clinical trial of hormonal therapy in the prevention of rebleeding from gastrointestinal angiodysplasia. Gastroenterol 2001。121:10731079 69 Rossini FP, Arrigoni A, Pennazio M. Octreotide in the treatment of bleeding due to angiodysplasia of the small intestine. Am J Gastroenterol 1993。88:14241427內(nèi)容總結(jié)
（1）不明原因的消化道出血
不明原因的消化道出血是消化內(nèi)鏡在常見臨床情況下應(yīng)用的系列討論之一
（2）其中沒有假陽性，但有3個假陰性
（3）88:14241427
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