【導(dǎo)讀】中國最大的管理資源中心。1996年8月托福閱讀全真試題

　　

【正文】 to any archaeological investigation into North American sites that postdate the arrival of Europeans. Back in the 193039。s and 194039。s, when building restoration was popular, historical archaeology was primarily a tool of architectural reconstruction. The role of archaeologists was to 中國最大的管理資源中心 (大量免費資源共享 ) 第 33 頁 共 40 頁 find the foundations of historic buildings and then take a back seat to architects. The mania for reconstruction had largely subsided by the 195039。s and 196039。s. Most people entering historical archaeology during this period came out of university anthropology de partments., where they had studied prehistoric cultures. They were, by training, social scientists, not historians, and their work tended to reflect this bias. The questions they framed and the techniques they used were designed to help them understand, as scientists, how people behaved. But because they were treading on historical ground for which there was often extensive written do cumentation and because their own knowledge 中國最大的管理資源中心 (大量免費資源共享 ) 第 34 頁 共 40 頁 of these periods was usually limited, their contributions to American history remained circumscribed. Their reports, highly technical and sometimes poorly written, went unread. More recently, professional archaeologists have taken over. These researchers have sought to demonstrate that their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but also of history, providing fresh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people whose existences might not otherwise be so well documented. This newer emphasis on archaeology as social history has shown great promise, and indeed work done in this area has lead to a reinterpretation of the United States past. In Kingston, New York, for example, evidence has 中國最大的管理資源中心 (大量免費資源共享 ) 第 35 頁 共 40 頁 uncovered that indicates that English goods were being smuggled into that city at a time when the Dutch supposedly controlled trading in the area. And in Sacramento an excavation at site of a fashionable nieenthcentury hotel revealed that garbage had been stashed in the building39。s base ment despite sanitation laws to the contrary. does the passage mainly discuss? (A) Why historical archaeology was first developed. (B) How the methods and purpose of historical archaeology have changed. (C) The contributions architects make to historical archaeology. (D) The attitude of professional archaeologists toward historical archaeology. 中國最大的管理資源中心 (大量免費資源共享 ) 第 36 頁 共 40 頁 to the first paragraph, what is a relatively new focus in archaeology? (A) Investigating the recent past. (B) Studying prehistoric cultures. (C) Excavating ancient sites in what is now the United States. (D) Comparing finding made in North America and Europe. to the passage, when had historical archaeologists been trained as anthropologist? (A) Prior to the 193039。s (B) During the 193039。s and 194039。s (C) During the 195039。s and 196039。s (D) After the 196039。s 中國最大的管理資源中心 (大量免費資源共享 ) 第 37 頁 共 40 頁 word framed in line 18 is closest in meaning to (A) understood (B) read (C) avoided (D) posed the third paragraph, the author implies that the techniques of history and the techniques of social science are (A) quite different from each other (B) equally useful in studying prehistoric cultures (C) usually taught to students of archaeology (D) both based on similar principles 中國最大的管理資源中心 (大量免費資源共享 ) 第 38 頁 共 40 頁 phrase their contributions in line 23 refers to the contributions of (A) social scientists (B) prehistoric cultures (C) historians (D) documentation and knowledge author mentions an excavation at the site of a hotel in Sacramento in order to give an example of (A) a building reconstruction project (B) the work of the earliest historical archaeologists (C) a finding that conflicts with written records (D) the kind of information that historians routinely examine 中國最大的管理資源中心 (大量免費資源共享 ) 第 39 頁 共 40 頁 word supposedly in line 36 is closest in meaning to (A) ruthlessly (B) tightly (C) barely (D) seemingly word sanitation in line 40 is closest in meaning to (A) city (B) housing (C) health (D) trade 中國最大的管理資源中心 (大量免費資源共享 ) 第 40 頁 共 40 頁