魯教版英語八上unit6howlonghaveyoubeencollectingshells-資料下載頁
2025-11-10 22:59本頁面
【導讀】過去發(fā)生的動作，剛剛結束或最近剛結束。注意，與現(xiàn)在完成時的不同，現(xiàn)在完成時指的是狀態(tài)；而這里強調(diào)的是動作。與現(xiàn)在完成時相同的地方都是強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響。一般來說，用于如下兩種情。的基本概念是否理解，因為對于現(xiàn)在完成時我們已經(jīng)有了一個基本的理解了。現(xiàn)在完成進行時是一兼有現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在進行時二者基本特點的時態(tài)。特點，所以它也可以表示某一動作的延續(xù)性、臨時性、重復性、生動性乃至感情色彩。是直接的，而后者所表示的則是最后的結果。句可譯為“我們打掃教室來著。”油漆可能已干了。句的意思是他們在加寬馬路，但尚未完工。成時有延續(xù)性，但無臨時性質(zhì)。句有“史密斯先生在倫敦久居”的含義，句則沒有。
【正文】 six months this year. F: Kate39。s been in school for 4 hours today. 教學后記 課題 Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells? period 5 （知識 能力 品德） 教 學 目 標 Topic: Hobbies Functions: Talk about how long you have been doing things Structure: Present prefect progressive Simple past tense Present progressive tense How long have you been skating? I’ve been skating since nine o’clock. （重點 難點） 教 材 分 析 Target language: How long have you been skating? I’ve been skating since nine o’clock. When did you start skating? I started skating at nine o’clock. Students are skating at the Hilltop School. 板書 設計 示意 框圖 Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells? How long have you been skating? I’ve been skating since nine o’clock. When did you start skating? I started skating at nine o’clock. Students are skating at the Hilltop School. 時序 教學操作過程設計（重點寫怎么教及學法指導，含課練，作業(yè)安排） 練習 教師念一個現(xiàn)在完成式否定句 ,提出一個表明時間的詞組 , 要求把這個詞組用進原來的句子里 . 注意凡是指明特定的時間，就必須用 since, 凡是說明時間長短的詞組 ,就必須用 for. 每做完一句聽老師念正確答案 . 看做對了沒有 . M: Henry hasn39。t seen his cousin, Susan. M: last year F: Henry hasn39。t seen his cousin, Susan, since last year. M: Henry hasn39。t written to his daughter, Jenny. M: two weeks F: Henry hasn39。t written to his daughter, Jenny, for two weeks. M: Henry hasn39。t eaten any meat. M: last week F: Henry hasn39。t eaten any meat since last week. M: Kate hasn39。t heard from her sister. M: April F: Kate hasn39。t heard from her sister since April. M: Kate hasn39。t taken a trip M: the year before last F: Kate hasn39。t taken a trip since the year before last. 課題 Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells? period 5 M: Kate hasn39。t bought any expensive clothes. M: 10 months F: Kate hasn39。t bought any expensive clothes for 10 months. since 的四種用法 1) since +過去一個時間點 (如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點、 1980, last month, half past six)。 I have been here since 1989. 2) since +一段時間 + ago I have been here since five months ago. 3) since +從句 Great changes have taken place since you left. Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here. 4) It is +一段時間 + since 從句 It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. since 是一個用法極活躍的詞，現(xiàn)歸納如下： 1. 用作介詞，意思是 “從 …… 以來；自從 ”，常與完成時連用。 I haven39。t heard from her since last year. 自去年以來我沒有收到她的來信。 2. 用作副詞，意思是 “從那時以來 ”。 I saw him last year, but we haven39。t met since. 我在去年見到過他，從那以后我們就沒有見面。 3. 用作連詞，意思是 “從 …… 以來；由于；既然 ”等。 He has been ill since I saw him last. 從上次我見他以來，他一直在生病。 Since you have finished the work, let39。s go to the park. 既然你已把工作做完了，我們?nèi)ス珗@吧。 since 表示原因時，語氣比 because 弱，表示的原因是對方已知的，所說明的有時不是根本的或直接的原因，是附帶的 原因，一般把它譯成 “既然；鑒于 ”。 since 引導的從句往往放在主句之前。例如： The fisherman said， “Since I must die, I must... ” 漁夫說： “既然我非死不可，那我就死好了 ……” 教學后記
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