探討個(gè)性和文化的影響-資料下載頁(yè)
2025-03-04 17:11本頁(yè)面
【正文】 nificantly related to risk preference. ?在組織方面的變量中，只有組織的冒險(xiǎn)意愿明顯預(yù)示了風(fēng)險(xiǎn) 意愿，解釋了 10%的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)傾向差異。 Of the anizational variables, perceived anizational willingness to take risks was the only significant predictor of risk preference, explaining an additional 10% of risk propensity variance. ?在個(gè)性變量中，管理者的成就需要和 A型行為解釋了 9%的冒 險(xiǎn)意愿差異。 Of the personality variables, managerial need for achievement and Type A behavior accounted for another 9% of the variance in willingness to take risks. ?不考慮實(shí)際行為的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性，有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意愿的管理者更可能了解 他們的行為是多風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的。 Managers who expressed preferences toward risks were significantly more likely to believe that their behavior were risky, regardless of the actual riskiness of their actions. ?不考慮實(shí)際的管理者的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)傾向，與有安全意愿的管理者相 比，有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意愿的管理者感覺(jué)他們的選擇的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更多。 Regardless of actual managerial risk propensity , managers with preferences for risk perceived their selected options to be riskier than those with safer preferences. ?個(gè)人和環(huán)境因素直接或間接地影響風(fēng)險(xiǎn)傾向。 :(contrary to our predictions) ? 人口統(tǒng)計(jì)方面的年齡和教育與管理者的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意愿無(wú)關(guān)。 The demographic characteristics of age and education were not related to managerial risk preference. ? 工作方面的工作年限、等級(jí)中的地位，以及組織方面的行業(yè)性質(zhì)、政府控制的程度、組織的規(guī)模與管理者的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意愿無(wú)關(guān)。 The workrelated characteristics of nature of industry, amount of government control, and anizational size were not related to managerial risk preferences. ? 有關(guān)個(gè)性特征中控制范圍和對(duì)意義含糊的話不能容忍的程度的假設(shè)不成立。 Our hypotheses concerning the personality traits of LOC and ambiguity intolerance were not supported. ： (1)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)研究中測(cè)量的很多個(gè)體特征和其它的個(gè)體差別一起變動(dòng)。 Many of the individual characteristics measured in risk studies covary with other individual differences. 如：性別和年齡與其它的環(huán)境和個(gè)人變量普遍聯(lián)系，以致很難測(cè)定變動(dòng)的真正來(lái)源。 Gender and age are generally linked with other situational and personal variables, making it difficult to determine specific sources of variation. (2)研究設(shè)計(jì)的局限： (research design limitations) ? 回答率相對(duì)較低 (response rate was relatively low) ? 參加研究的管理者與未參加者間真實(shí)存在的差別。 (substantial differences between managers who participated in the study and managers who did not .) (3)樣本數(shù)量有限。 ： ? 由于使用了抽樣設(shè)計(jì)，研究所暗示的因果關(guān)系不能明確確定。 Because we used a crosssectional design, causality as implied by this study cannot be firmly established. ? 使用管理者觀念來(lái)評(píng)估獨(dú)立變量和從屬變量，這可能導(dǎo)致共同的方法偏見(jiàn)。 Another limitation of our study was in our use of managerial perceptions to assess both the independent and dependent variables,which may have resulted in a mon methods bias. ? 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)觀念的測(cè)量?jī)H依賴一個(gè)可靠性無(wú)法證實(shí)的條款。 The risk perception measure relied on a single item whose reliability cannot be confirmed. 本研究證明了，盡管在特殊條件下管理者的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)行為難以預(yù)測(cè)，但總的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)傾向是可以測(cè)定的。 Although managerial risk behavior in specific situations is difficult to predict, it is possible to determine generalized risk propensity. 戰(zhàn)洪麗制作
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