【導(dǎo)讀】作用actfor代理，代為。breakin打斷，插話，闖入，強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入breakinto?bringabout引起，導(dǎo)致，使發(fā)生bringalong把??生動(dòng)/活潑，使??降低，減少，使??bringdown/up降價(jià)／提價(jià)[比較：godown/up價(jià)格下降/. callout大聲呼喊，叫喊callsb?callsbnames謾罵某人callup給??打電話，使人想起，號(hào)召。ealong來，隨同，進(jìn)展，加油eat?到達(dá)，從一處來到另一處。eintouse使用起來eoff脫落，從??過來，順便來訪，從一個(gè)地方來到另一個(gè)地方

　　

【正文】 oblems (in ) doing sth 做某事有困難 /麻煩 ] have something / nothing in mon (with?) （與 ?? ）有共同點(diǎn)／沒有共同之處 （比較： have much / a lot in mon with? 與 ?? 有許多相同之處 have little in mon with? 與 ?? 幾乎沒有相同之處） have something / nothing to do with ? 與 ?? 有關(guān)／無關(guān) have to = have got to 不得不，必須 例如： Class is over. Let’s have a break. I’ve got a cough. Dad and I had a good laugh over that. They are having a good time. He stopped to have a look. We are going to have a table tennis match tomorrow afternoon. Are we going to have a meeting this week? Here is a tree. Let me have a rest. Are you going to have a swim？ We’ll have a test tomorrow. Where is Peter? I want to have a word with him. Does she have lunch at home？ Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep. He knew about the order, he knew why the soldiers were there, but he would have none of it. We have four lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. Most of his questions have nothing to do with his lessons. I noticed that he had on bedroom slippers. Please e here and have my seat, Granny. He hasn’t had any medicine. At three fifty in the afternoon we have sports. （ 12） hold短語： hold a meeting / party 開會(huì) /舉行晚會(huì) hold back 退縮，躊躇，阻擋，控制住 hold one’s breath 屏息，不出氣 hold on 等一等，不要掛電話 hold on to 抓住，保住 hold out 伸出，堅(jiān)持下去，維持 hold up 阻擋，使停頓，舉起，拿起，阻滯 hold together 連在一起，團(tuán)結(jié)一致 例如： Anger flooded through her. She couldn’t hold it back. — Could I speak to Mr Smith? — Hold on, please. The little boy held out his hands. I think water supplies won’t hold out much longer. Sorry, I’m late. I was held up at work. （ 13） keep短語： keep away from 避開，別靠近 keep back 隱瞞，忍住，阻止 ?? 向前，留下 keep down 控 制 keep off 勿踏，勿踩 keep off sb / sth 不接觸或不接近某人 /某事物 keep on 繼續(xù)進(jìn)行 keep out 不得入內(nèi) keep?out 把 ?? 擋住，把 ?? 留在外面 keep out of ? 不進(jìn)入 ?? keep up 繼續(xù)，保持，堅(jiān)持，使（情緒等）不低落 keep up with? = catch up with? 跟上，趕上 keep a date 赴約 keep a healthy diet 保持健康的飲食 keep a record / records 保持記錄 keep an eye on 注視，留心，注意，照顧 （比較： keep an eye out for 注視，留心，注意） keep busy doing 忙著做某事 keep fit 保持健康 keep?in mind = learn?by heart = remember? 把 ?? 記住 keep (on) doing sth 繼續(xù)不停地做某事 [比較： keep sb doing sth 使某人一直 /繼續(xù)做某事 keep ? from doi ng 阻止 ?? 做，不讓 ?? 做 stop / prevent? (from) doing 妨礙 /預(yù)防 /阻止 ?? 做，不讓 ?? 做 ] keep one’ s appointment 守約（比較： break one’s appointment 違約） keep one’s balance 保持平衡 keep one’s word(s) 遵守諾言 keep safe 保持安全 keep silent over ? 對(duì) ?? 保持沉默 keep the same look 保持原貌 keep watch 保持警戒，站崗 例如： I would have been here sooner, but the rainstorm kept me back. Every week there was a rebellion（造反） somewhere, and the Austrian soldiers were kept busy hurrying from one town to another in order to put down the rebellions. While Leonov was outside the ship, he kept in touch by telephone with his panion and with the earth. He kept on telling us the same story over and over. You may depend on his doing what he says, for he is a person who always keeps his words. Danger! Keep out! Will this overcoat keep the rain out? It is also bad manners to keep silent when the teacher asks you a question. The rain kept up all night. I see you are getting along well with your English studies. Keep up the good work. The good news keeps our spirits up. He walked so fast that I could hardly keep up with him. Every few hundred meters along the wall there are watchtowers, where soldiers used to keep watch. There is a sign there saying, “Keep off the grass.” （ 14） knock短語： knock at /on 敲打（門、窗等） knock down 把 ?? 撞倒，擊倒 knock into 撞到，撞上某人，偶然碰見 knock sb out (of sth) 淘汰某人 knock over 撞翻，撞倒 例如： We knocked at / on the door but there was no one there. He was in hospital last night after being knocked down by a car. Tom entered the classroom hurriedly and knocked into Mr. White. He almost knocked into me before he realized it. If no one answers the front door, try knocking at the back door. （ 15） look短語： look at 看著，注視，檢查 look at oneself in the mirror = admire oneself in the mirror 照鏡子 look after 照顧，照料，照看 look ahead 向前看，展望未來 look around / about 四處看看，四下環(huán)顧 look back 回首，回憶，回顧過去 look back on? 回顧 ?? ，回憶 ??