物流管理專業(yè)外語(yǔ)知識(shí)-資料下載頁(yè)
2025-02-15 16:02本頁(yè)面
【正文】 hich individual vehicles are guided on the fixed facilities. Such control can be manual or automated. The proper geometric design of the fixed facilities must incorporate , in addition to the characteristics of the vehicle, the characteristics of the vehicular control system. In the case of highway facilities, where the vehicles are manually controlled, these include driver characteristics, such as the time a driver takes to perceive and react to various stimuli（刺激） . In the case of automated systems, similar but more precisely definable response times exist. ? 控制系統(tǒng)由車輛控制和車流控制組成。車輛控制是指在固定設(shè)施中引導(dǎo)單個(gè)車輛的技術(shù)方法。這種控制可以是手工也可以是自動(dòng)的。固定設(shè)施正確的幾何設(shè)計(jì)必須是一體化的，除了（應(yīng)考慮）車輛的特點(diǎn)之外，還應(yīng)（考慮）車輛控制系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)。在車輛是由手工操縱的公路設(shè)施的（情況）中，還應(yīng)包括（考慮）駕駛員的特點(diǎn)，比如駕駛員對(duì)各種刺激的感知和反應(yīng)的時(shí)間。在自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)中，同樣如此但存在有更精確可定義的反應(yīng)時(shí)間。 ? The flow control system consists of the means that permit the efficient and smooth operation of streams of vehicles and the reduction of conflicts between vehicles. This system includes various types of signing, marking, and signal systems and the underlying rules of operation. ? 車流控制系統(tǒng)由使車流高效、流暢運(yùn)行，并且減少車輛之間沖突（堵塞）的手段組成。這種系統(tǒng)包括各種類型的符號(hào)，標(biāo)記，和信號(hào)系統(tǒng)及其自身的操作規(guī)則 ? Transportation demand ? 交通運(yùn)輸需求 ? Transportation systems are constructed neither as pure expressions of engineering ingenuity nor as monuments of purely aesthetic（ , 審美的 , 有審美感的） quality. They are built to serve people in undertaking their economic, social, and cultural activities. ? Although in some culture, demand for transportation is considered as one of four necessities of human being: clothing, food, shelter, and transportation, in the jargon（ ） of the economist, the demand for transportation is derived, or indirect, meaning that people do not normally travel or move their possessions for the sake of movement but to fulfill certain needs, for example, to go to school, to work, to shop, or to visit friends. By the same token , workers do not place themselves in the middle of the morning and evening rush hours because they enjoy traffic congestion but because their work schedules require it. ? 交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的創(chuàng)立既不是工程創(chuàng)造的單純的表達(dá)式，也不是唯美的紀(jì)念碑。它們被創(chuàng)立來服務(wù)于人們的經(jīng)濟(jì)，社會(huì)和文化活動(dòng)。盡管在某些文化中，交通需求被認(rèn)為是人類衣食住行的四個(gè)基本需要之一，但是用經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的行話來說，交通需求是派生的，或間接的，就是說，正常情況下，人們出行或搬遷其財(cái)產(chǎn)是為了（滿足）某些需要而不是為了移動(dòng)（而出行或搬遷），比如去上學(xué)，工作，購(gòu)物或訪友。出于同樣原因，工人（上班）讓自己處于早晚的交通高峰期是因?yàn)樗麄兊墓ぷ鲿r(shí)間的需要而不是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g交通擁擠。 ? Transportation engineers are concerned with acmodating these societal activities by providing efficient ways to satisfy the population39。s needs for mobility. As used in the foregoing definition of a transportation system the word efficient stands for the balancing of a variety of often conflicting requirements that society in general considers being important. These requirements include, but are not limited to, cost considerations, convenience , protection of environmental quality, and protection of individual rights, which may have a variable priority, depending on the issue. ? 交通運(yùn)輸工程師提供滿足人們流動(dòng)需要的有效方法以適應(yīng)這些（上述）社會(huì)活動(dòng)。正如前述的運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的定義（所表述的），這個(gè)詞匯有代表性的包括了多種常見的相矛盾的、社會(huì)上通常認(rèn)為（十分）重要的需求的平衡（問題）。這些需求包括但不局限于：成本考慮、環(huán)境（質(zhì)量）的保護(hù)以及個(gè)人權(quán)益的保護(hù)，也許有可變的優(yōu)先權(quán)，還有待爭(zhēng)議。
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