【正文】 ical criteria: light peration (photic and aphotic zones), distance from shore and water depth (littoral and limic zones), and whether it is open water (pelagic zone) or bottom (benthic zone). Figure , b Littoral zone 延岸區(qū) Limic zone 湖沼區(qū) Photic zone Benthic zone Aphotic zone Pelagic zone 潮間帶 Intertidal zone Neritic zone Oceanic zone 0 200 m Continental shelf Photic zone Pelagic zone Aphotic zone Benthic zone 2,500–6,000 m 深海區(qū) Abyssal zone (deepest regions of ocean floor) 透光區(qū) 底棲區(qū) 無光區(qū) 遠(yuǎn)洋區(qū) 湖泊的分層 海洋的分層 Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ? Lakes (湖泊 ) Figure An oligotrophic lake (貧養(yǎng)湖 ) in Grand Teton, Wyoming A eutrophic lake (優(yōu)養(yǎng)湖 ) in Okavango delta, Botswana LAKES Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ? Wetlands (溼地 ) Figure . Okefenokee National Wetland Reserve in Geia Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ? Streams and rivers (溪流與河川 ) Figure A headwater stream in the Great Smoky Mountains The Mississippi River far form its headwaters Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ? Estuaries (河口 ) Figure . An estuary in a low coastal plain of Geia Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ? Intertidal zones (潮間帶 ) Figure . Rocky intertidal zone on the Oregon coast Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ? Oceanic pelagic biome (大洋區(qū)生物相 ) Figure . Open ocean off the island of Hawaii Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ? Coral reefs (珊瑚礁 ) Figure . A coral reef in the Red Sea Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ? Marine benthic zone (底棲區(qū) ) Figure . A deepsea hydrothermal vent munity 深海噴泉群落 Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 報告完畢 敬請指教 ！？ ！？ ??？ ??？ ??？ ！？ Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ? Concept : Climate largely determines the distribution and structure of terrestrial biomes (氣候主要決定陸域生物相的分佈與結(jié)構(gòu) ) ? Climate (氣候 ) – Is particularly important in determining why particular terrestrial biomes are found in certain areas Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Climate and Terrestrial Biomes (氣候與陸域生物相 ) ? Climate has a great impact on the distribution of anisms, as seen on a climograph (氣候圖 ) Figure . A climograph for some major types of biomes in North America. Desert Temperate grassland Tropical forest Temperate broadleaf forest Coniferous forest Arctic and alpine tundra Annual mean precipitation (cm) Annual mean temperature (186。C) 100 200 300 400 30 15 0 ?15 針葉林 極地與高山苔原 溫帶森林 年 平 均 溫 年平均雨量 熱帶森林 草原 沙膜 Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ? The distribution of major terrestrial biomes 主要陸域生物相的分佈 30?N Tropic of Cancer Equator Tropic of Capricorn 30?S Key Tropical forest Savanna 稀樹草原 Desert Chaparral 夏旱灌叢 Temperate grassland Temperate broadleaf forest Coniferous forest 針葉林 Tundra 苔原 (北極與高山 ) High mountains Polar ice Figure 北迴歸線 南迴歸線 熱帶 Tropical area Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings General Features (特徵 ) of Terrestrial Biomes ? Terrestrial biomes (陸域生物相 ) – Are often named for major physical or climatic factors and for their predominant vegetation (優(yōu)勢植被 ) ? Vertical stratification (垂直分層 ) – Is an important feature of terrestrial biomes – Canopy(林冠 ), lowtree stratum(矮樹層 ), shrub understory(灌叢 ), ground layer of herbaceous plant(地面草本植物層 ), forest floor(森林地表 ) (litter layer落葉層 ), root layer(根層 ) Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ? Tropical forest (熱帶森林 ) Figure . A tropical rain forest in Borneo Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ? Desert (沙漠 ) Figure . The Sonoran Desert in southern Arizona Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ? Savanna (稀樹草原 ) Figure . A typical savanna in Kenya Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ? Chaparral (夏旱灌叢 ) Figure . An area of chaparral in California Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ? Temperate grassland (溫帶草原 ) Figure . Sheyenne National Grassland in North Dakota Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ? Coniferous forest (針葉林 ) Figure . Rocky Mountain National Park in Colorado Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ? Temperate broadleaf forest (溫帶闊葉林 ) Figure . Great Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ? Tundra (苔原 ) Figure . Denali National Park, Alaska, in autumn Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 報告完畢 敬請指教 ?。? ??？ ??？ ??？ ?。? ?。? Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 謝謝觀看 /歡迎下載 BY FAITH I MEAN A VISION OF GOOD ONE CHERISHES AND THE ENTHUSIASM THAT PUSHES ONE TO SEEK ITS FULFILLMENT REGARDLESS OF OBSTACLES. BY FAITH I BY FAITH