化工分離過程講義(第1講)-資料下載頁
2025-01-01 02:15本頁面
【正文】 is impractical. ? The mixture to be separated is heat sensitive, ? Volatility differences are much too small ? Principle of separation: different solubilities of different species in the two liquid phases ? Created or added phase: liquid ? Separating agent: liquid solvent (MSA) Liquidliquid extraction (two solvent) Liquidliquid extraction Drying of solids ? Many chemicals are processed wet but sold in dry, solid forms. Drying is used to remove liquid from a solid by vaporizing the liquid. ? Principle of separation: evaporation of water ? Created or added phase: Vapor ? Separating agent: gas (MSA) and/or heat transfer (ESA) Crystallization ? Desired product is finely divided solid. ? Solution crystallization: The mixture is cooled and/or the solvent is evaporated to cause crystallization. ? Melt crystallization: Two or more soluble species, in the absence of a solvent, are separated by partial freezing. ? Zone melting (refining): Reverse of melt crystallization. Used for removing impurity solids in metals by moving a molten zone slowly through an ingot. ? Principle of separation: difference in freezing tendencies。 preferential participation in crystal structure. ? Created or added phase: solid (and vapor). Liquid in zone melting ? Separating agent: heat transfer (ESA) Leaching (Liquidsolid extraction) ? Diffusion of the solute out of the solid and into the liquid solvent is mostly the controlling step. ? Principle of separation : preferential solubility ? Created or added phase: liquid ? Separating agent: liquid solvent (MSA) Foam fractionation ? Twophase adsorptive bubble separation method. Surface active material collects at bubble surfaces and leave in the foam product. ? Principle of separation : tendency of surfactant molecules to accumulate at gasliquid interface and rise with air bubbles ? Created or added phase: gas ? Separating agent: gas bubbles (MSA) 速率分離過程 速率分離過程是指在某種推動力（濃度差、溫度差、壓力差、電位差等）的作用下（有時在選擇性透過膜的配合下），利用組分擴散速率的差別實現(xiàn)組分分離的過程。這類過程所處理的原料和產(chǎn)品通常屬于同一相，僅在組成上有差別。膜分離過程是工業(yè)應(yīng)用最多的速率分離過程。熱擴散分離也屬于速率分離過程，它以溫度梯度為動力，利用均勻的氣體或液體混合物中分子 量下的分子（或離子）向熱端漂移的現(xiàn)象所建立起來的濃度梯度，達到組分分離的目的 。 速率分離過程 速率分離過程 化工分離過程 課程的特點 研究體系的非理想性 研究體系的復(fù)雜性（多元） 過程的特殊性（特殊分離方法） 更加注重工程意識的培養(yǎng) ? 本課程是化學(xué)工程專業(yè)的專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課，在本課程的學(xué)習(xí)中要學(xué)會利用已有的 專業(yè)理論知識（平衡熱力學(xué)，動力學(xué)，傳熱，傳質(zhì)和動量傳遞理論等）研究化工生產(chǎn)實際中遇到的 復(fù)雜體系 的分離提純技術(shù)。 ? 在本課程的學(xué)習(xí)中要加強對基本概念的理解，它們是本課程學(xué)習(xí)過程中分離過程的選擇，特性分析與計算的基礎(chǔ)。在本課程的學(xué)習(xí)中，強調(diào)將工程與工藝結(jié)合的分析問題的觀點，強化設(shè)計與分析問題能力的培養(yǎng)，提高解決實際分離技術(shù)問題的能力 ? 通過本課程的學(xué)習(xí)，同學(xué)應(yīng)該掌握化工過程中各種常用分離過程的基本理論，操作特點，簡捷和嚴格的設(shè)計計算方法，強化和改進操作的原則途徑。同時對一些新型的分離技術(shù)的基本原理，應(yīng)用及發(fā)展有一定了解 本課程的目的和要求 謝謝觀看 /歡迎下載 BY FAITH I MEAN A VISION OF GOOD ONE CHERISHES AND THE ENTHUSIASM THAT PUSHES ONE TO SEEK ITS FULFILLMENT REGARDLESS OF OBSTACLES. BY FAITH I BY FAIT
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