【正文】 。 well身體好betterbestbad、ill 壞worseworstmany、much許多moremostlittle 少lessleastfar 遠(yuǎn)farther furtherfarthest furthestold 舊、老older oldestoldest eldest注：elder、eldest不能用于比較等級(jí)例：My elder/eldest sister is a teacher. 表示年長(zhǎng)原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)strong /strЭ?/stronger /`strЭ?g?/strongest /`strЭ?gist/long /lЭ?/longer /`lЭ?g?/longest /`lЭ?gist/2. 比較級(jí)的用法 在使用比較級(jí)時(shí)，如需把比較的兩項(xiàng)都提到，須在比較級(jí)后用“than”（表示二者之間的比較），如果比較級(jí)所指的很清楚，它可獨(dú)立存在。 例： ① The Changjiang River is longer than the Yellow River. ② This book is more/less interesting than that one. ③ Which house do you prefer? I prefer the older one. 注：形容詞的比較級(jí)可用much等詞修飾，表示不定度量。 例：A horse is much heavier than a dog.3. 最高級(jí)的用法（三者以上的比較）① 最高級(jí)的限定范圍一般用of、among、in等介詞短語(yǔ)。 例：He is the tallest in our class.② 限定范圍也可用從句。 例：She is the most beautiful girl I’ve ever seen.③ 如范圍很清楚，則可省略。 例：April is the best season. (暗含范圍“一年中 ”)Lesson 109 降級(jí)比較用正面的詞來(lái)表示反面的意思, 則在此正面詞前面加less。expensive(貴) → less expensive(不貴)developed(發(fā)達(dá)的) → less developed(不發(fā)達(dá))more than that (比那多) → less than that(比那少)例句：That book is less expensive than that one. China is less developed than America.Lesson 111 同級(jí)比較肯：A is as + + as + B. Tom is as tall as Jimmy. Tom和Jimmy一樣高否：A isn’t as/so + + as + B. Tom isn’t so tall as Jimmy. Tom 不和Jimmy一樣高。Lesson 113 A的情況也適合B肯：So + 助/be/情 + B Tom is a teacher. So is Lily. = Lily is a teacher, too. Tom can swim. So can Lily. Tom likes singing. So does Lily. 否：Neither + 助/be/情 + B Tom isn’t a teacher. Neither is Lily. Tom 不是老師，Lily也不是。 Tom can’t swim. Neither can Lily. = Lily can’t swim, either.Tom doesn’t like singing. Neither does Lily.Lesson 115 不定代詞的用法1. 構(gòu)成：some/any/no/every + one/body/thing2. 口訣：不定代詞做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)要用三單形式 (除both, all) 如：Every is here. Everybody wants to have lunch in the garden.There is none left.Each of the students has a ticket. 3. 口訣： Do you have anything important to say? Lesson 117 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 1. 表示：過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在干的事情2. 構(gòu)成：主+was/were+doing sth. eg： I was watching TV at 8:00 yesterday evening.3. 特點(diǎn)：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)經(jīng)常同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子中，其時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常用when, while, just as引導(dǎo)。 eg：I was cooking while my husband was watching TV. When I was doing my homework, my mother came in. He was leaving out when the telephone rang. 他正要離開突然電話響了。Lesson 119 過(guò)去完成時(shí)1. 表示：過(guò)去的過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。2. 構(gòu)成：主+had done (done 指所有動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞)3. 特點(diǎn)：肯定是復(fù)合句，兩個(gè)句子前后是兩個(gè)動(dòng)作，一個(gè)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，另一個(gè)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)(先發(fā)生)。 例如：When I got home, the train had left. After I had finished my work, I left.Lesson 121 定語(yǔ)從句1. 定義：由一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)稱為定語(yǔ)從句。 2. 位置：通常置于它所修飾的名詞(n.)或代詞(pron.)之后。3. 引導(dǎo)詞：先行詞是人，則用who (充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)) whom (充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)) 先行詞是物，則用which (主/賓) 例：I lost the book which he lent to me. 以此句為例，book為先行詞，which為引導(dǎo)詞（手拉手作用、連接作用）。雖然在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)成分，但仍要置于主句與從句之間。例： The man who is under the tree is my friend, Tom. （先行詞表人可用that替換，主語(yǔ)不能用whom） He said he is the man who lost the suitcase. （先行詞表人，可用that、whom代替）引導(dǎo)詞作用：① 連接作用； ② 在定語(yǔ)從句中代替先行詞充當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分。Lesson 123 定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞的省略① 先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省略。eg: (原句)They are the men who(that)I saw yesterday. (省略) = They are the men I saw yesterday.② 當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)，且當(dāng)從句的時(shí)態(tài)為進(jìn)行時(shí)，引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)系代詞和be動(dòng)詞可同時(shí)省略。eg： （原句）The men who are repairing the road make all that noise. （復(fù)合句） (省略) The men repairing the road make all that noise. （簡(jiǎn)單句）Lesson 131 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè) （過(guò)去） be , can not be （表示對(duì)有根據(jù)的推論之外）,還可用 主+ may be 或 主 +may+V原形（表示一種可能性） have been , con not have been 外還可用 may have been 例如：①Hemay be tall ,I am not sure . He may be doing his homework ,I am not sure . He may go home . ②. He may have been a manager. 萎縮　Lesson 125 must與have to mustHave to定義必須、強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀必要性不得不、強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀情況性質(zhì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，沒有人稱、數(shù)與時(shí)態(tài)的變化含有情態(tài)的固定短語(yǔ)，具有have 的各種時(shí)態(tài)搭配must + tohave to/has to do/had to do變疑① Must提句首② 肯定回答 must，否定回答needn’t① 須根據(jù)have具體時(shí)態(tài)選擇助動(dòng)詞② 用什么提問(wèn)，用什么回答變否① mustn’t表示絕對(duì)禁止，不該/不能② needn’t (直接代替must)表示沒必要，等同于not have to須根據(jù)have具體時(shí)態(tài)選擇助動(dòng)詞的否定形式Lesson 127 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè) 一 （目前/將來(lái)）① 肯定：主 + must be + 表對(duì)目前狀態(tài)的猜測(cè) eg: The man must be Tom. + ving 對(duì)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作猜測(cè) eg: He must be watching TV.must may might （減弱） ② 否定：主 + can’t be + + 表對(duì)目前狀態(tài)的猜測(cè) + ving對(duì)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作猜測(cè)eg：The play can’t be wonderful He can’t be at home now.can’t may not might not （減弱）Lesson 129 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè) 二 （過(guò)去）1. 肯定：主 + must have been have done eg：They must have been waiting for the bus then . They must have gone out. 否定： 主語(yǔ)+ can’t have been