英語(yǔ)近義詞辨析-資料下載頁(yè)
2025-08-05 16:16本頁(yè)面
【正文】 責(zé)任；債務(wù)；傾向；可能性；不利因素liability表示“責(zé)任”類的意思時(shí)，指的是需要對(duì)某事負(fù)責(zé)任，尤其指法律上對(duì)于還款、賠償?shù)鹊呢?zé)任或義務(wù)，多與金錢相關(guān)。liability的復(fù)數(shù)形式“l(fā)iabilities”表示“負(fù)債，債務(wù)”，是術(shù)語(yǔ)。The car doesn39。t belong to me, but I have legal liability for any damage I caused to it. 雖然這輛車不是我的，但是我對(duì)其已造成的任何損壞都是需要負(fù)法律責(zé)任的。6. function n. 功能；函數(shù)；職責(zé)；盛大的集會(huì) v. 運(yùn)行；活動(dòng)；行使職責(zé)function也有表示“職責(zé)”的意思，它主要指的是工作方面的，與職業(yè)或職位相關(guān)的職責(zé)。perform a function 履行職責(zé)It is necessary to teach them the importance of performing their functions. 有必要讓他們明白履行自己職責(zé)的重要性。7. incumbency n. 義務(wù)；任職；責(zé)任incumbency有“任職；任期”的意思，所表示的“責(zé)任”類的意思主要指公職或官職方面的，尤其指政治職位。Dan is extremely interested in politics, so he decides to conduct a study about incumbency advantage. 丹對(duì)于政治極其感興趣，所以他決定進(jìn)行一個(gè)關(guān)于在職優(yōu)勢(shì)的研究。英語(yǔ)中有些近義詞的區(qū)別是很微妙的，所以區(qū)分它們最好的辦法就是通過(guò)閱讀、寫作等實(shí)踐方式，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行理解。馬了這么多單詞，要實(shí)踐運(yùn)用起來(lái)才行哦。(Accuracy)與精密度(Precision)的區(qū)別In the fields ofengineering,industryandstatistics, theaccuracyof ameasurementsystem is the degree of closeness of measurements of aquantityto its actual (true)value. Theprecisionof a measurement system, also calledreproducibilityorrepeatability, is the degree to which repeated measurements under unchanged conditions show the sameresults.[1]Although the two words can besynonymousincolloquialuse, they are deliberately contrasted in the context of thescientific method.Accuracy準(zhǔn)確度 is the difference between the measured value and the true value of a tested material.Precision精確度 is the repeatability of successive measurements under the same conditions.測(cè)量的精密度、準(zhǔn)確度和精確度這是人們?cè)跍y(cè)量中常常容易混淆的三個(gè)名詞，雖然它們都是評(píng)價(jià)測(cè)量結(jié)果好壞的，但涵義有較大的差別。 1．測(cè)量的精密度高，是指偶然誤差較小，這時(shí)測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)比較集中，但系統(tǒng)誤差的大小并不明確?！ ?．測(cè)量的準(zhǔn)確度高，是指系統(tǒng)誤差較小，這時(shí)測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)的平均值偏離真值較少，但數(shù)據(jù)分散的情況，即偶然誤差的大小不明確。 3．測(cè)量精確度（也常簡(jiǎn)稱精度）高，是指偶然誤差與系統(tǒng)誤差都比較小，這時(shí)測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)比較集中在真值附近。AccuracyAccuracy ishow close a measured value is to the actual (true) value.PrecisionPrecision ishow close the measured values are to each other.準(zhǔn)確度（Accuracy）：指在一定實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下多次測(cè)定的平均值與真值相符合的程度，以誤差來(lái)表示。它用來(lái)表示系統(tǒng)誤差的大小。精密度（Precision）：是指多次重復(fù)測(cè)定同一量時(shí)各測(cè)定值之間彼此相符合的程度。表征測(cè)定過(guò)程中隨機(jī)誤差的大小。（精密度高是指重復(fù)性好repeatability，描述儀器本身的性能用precision；最對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn)得到的結(jié)果用準(zhǔn)確度accuracy，對(duì)比儀器的值可看作真值；一般實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果給出的是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差standard deviation，用不確定度uncertainty表示）精確度=準(zhǔn)確度+精密度可用下圖表示：Accuracy and precision in binary classificationAccuracy is also used as a statistical measure of how well a binary classification test correctly identifies or excludes a condition.That is,the accuracy is theproportionof true results (both true positives and true negatives) in the population. It is a parameter of the testOn the other hand, precision is defined asthe proportion of the true positives against all the positive results (both true positives and false positives)10
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