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time, 引導(dǎo)從句 —— did ? Would rather, 引導(dǎo)從句 —— did ? proposal, suggestion, order, … (should) + do ? It’s necessary/important/essential/desirable…that .. sth / sb (should) + do ? Insist, ? It’s suggested/ required/ ordered…that sb. (should) do sth ? It’s a pity… that sb. (should) do sth. 8. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 ? Dare 作情態(tài) 動(dòng)詞主要用亍否定或疑問句中 。 ? ought to/ should have done,指過去的動(dòng)作,表示一件事情該做而未做。 ? ought to/ should not have done,表示不該做的卻做了。 ? Needn’t have done ? Couldn’t have done ? Must have done。 might have done ? 表示 “ 意愿戒習(xí)慣 ” ( will/ would, shall/ should) ? will/ would表示主語(yǔ)的意愿或習(xí)慣 ? would和 used to都可以表示一種過去的習(xí)慣。 would 主要用于回憶過去; used to主要用于和現(xiàn)在對(duì)比,表示已經(jīng)不存在的狀態(tài)。 ? When I was studying in the middle school in Shanghai, I would go to the library every weekend. ? I used to smoke, but I quit it now. ? shall/ should表示主語(yǔ)以外其他人的意愿,強(qiáng)調(diào)一種要求。 ? 注意 : shall用亍第二、第三人稱,表示強(qiáng)烈愿望,表示命令,警告,允諾。 含有一定要他人做某事乊意。 ? You shall do what I tell you to do. 你必須告訴做我告訴你去做的事。 用法類似情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ) ? used to + do(過去經(jīng)常干某事); be used to + doing(習(xí)慣于干某事) ? may/ might (just) as well: “ 還不如 ……” ,表示推薦更佳方案。 (≈had better) ? You may as well tell the truth. ? cannot but + do表示不得不同意 . He cannot but go home on foot. 他不得不步行回家。 ? Should:表示竟然,吃驚 (比較,時(shí)間,讓步) ? otherwise 在口語(yǔ)中常??梢杂?or (else)來代替 ? We must be early or (else) we won’t get a seat. ? 方式狀語(yǔ)從句 as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句 ? as… as… 可以用于表示兩個(gè)人或物不同性質(zhì)的比較,指程度相當(dāng)或相等,意為 “ … 而 …” ? One is as fat as the other is thin. 一個(gè)胖,而另一個(gè)瘦。 ? 句型 “ A is to B what C is to D”,意為: A之于 B就像C之于 D一樣 ? Water is to fish what air is to man. 水對(duì)魚的關(guān)系就好比空氣對(duì)人一樣。 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 ? as, though, much as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 ? as 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句必須倒裝 ? Hard as he tried, he failed the exam. ? 注意: 1如果是動(dòng)詞或現(xiàn)在分詞放在句首,謂語(yǔ)要補(bǔ)加助動(dòng)詞: do, does, did, will等。 ? Fail as he did, he would never give up. ? 單數(shù)名詞提前置于句首時(shí),該名詞前不加任何冠詞。 ? Child as he is, he … . ? 在正式文體中, though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句也要倒裝,結(jié)構(gòu)與 as類似。注意: ? 當(dāng) though不倒裝時(shí),可與 although互換。 ? 當(dāng)從句表示某種假設(shè)的情況時(shí),通常用 though,不用 although ? Though everyone deserts you, I will not. 哪怕人人都離你而去,我也不會(huì)。 時(shí)間狀從 ? 表示“一 … 就”: as soon as, the moment, the instant, the second, the minute immediately, instantly, directly ? At the news。 upon hearing the news… 條件 ? whether不能被 if替代的 4種情況: ? 出現(xiàn) whether… or的結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí) . I asked whether you would like to go or not. ? 出現(xiàn) “ 介詞 + whether從句 ” 時(shí) . They are talking about whether they will go to see a film. ? whether + to do時(shí) . Please let me know whether ? Whether 解釋為 “ 是否 ” 時(shí) 10. 倒裝 ? 1. 完全倒裝: ? 狀語(yǔ)為方位介詞的前置,結(jié)構(gòu)為:提前成分+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ) ? here, there, up, down, in, out, away, ahead. ? There goes the bell. ? 注意 : 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為人稱代詞時(shí)不倒裝 ?。?Here you are.) ? 狀語(yǔ)為地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間介詞詞組的前提,結(jié)構(gòu)為:狀語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ) ? In the center of the square stands a high monument. ? 表語(yǔ)為形容詞、副詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞的提前,結(jié)構(gòu)為:表語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ) ? Seated on the grass are a group of nice girls. ? Gone are the days when we are young and gay. ? 2. 部分倒裝 ? 結(jié)構(gòu)為:提前成分+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 / 助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 ? Only+狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句置亍句首的倒裝 ? Only then did I realize the trouble he was in. ? 注意: ? 1. only 作為主語(yǔ)的一部分不倒裝。 ? 2. only 后跟狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),狀語(yǔ)從句不倒裝,倒裝發(fā)生在后面的句子上。 ? 句首為帶有否定意義副詞的倒裝 ? never, little, seldom, rarely, not, hardly, nowhere, scarcely, in no circumstances, in no way。 in no case, in no event。 ? No sooner…… than, hardly (scarcely)…… when 倒裝時(shí)主句用過去完成時(shí); ? No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain. ? Not until 倒裝時(shí)用一般過去時(shí)。 ? 這三者倒裝都發(fā)生在主句 . ? so…that 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句, so位于句首的倒裝 結(jié)構(gòu)為:so+ adj. (adv.)+助動(dòng)詞(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+主語(yǔ),用于加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣: ? So excited was she that she couldn’t say a word. ? so 表示與上文提到的情況一樣: So did I. ? ,意為“確實(shí)如此”時(shí)不倒裝( So he can) ? ,用 So it is with… 的結(jié)構(gòu) ? not only…but also : not only位于句首倒裝, but also部分不倒裝; ? 當(dāng) not only…but also 連接的并列主語(yǔ)不倒裝 ? as與 than在比較句子中的部分倒裝 ? I’m surprised at the news, as is my brother. ? He loves music better than does his sister. ? 虛擬條件句的倒裝:即省略 if,將省略詞had、 should、 were提前置于句首。 ? 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 as的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為:名詞(副詞、形容詞)+ as+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)倒裝的本質(zhì):省略 though,用 as替代( old as Mr. Green is…… ) ? 注意:若句首為名詞,則在此名詞前不加任何冠詞。 致謝 Many Thanks to my buddy